Bureau of justice statistics victimization survey 2018

An estimated 3.7 million burglaries occurred each year on average from 2003 to 2007. Offenders were known to their victims in 65% of violent burglaries; offenders were strangers in 28%. Serious injury accounted for 9% and minor injury accounted for 36% of injuries sustained by household members who were home and experienced violence …

Bureau of justice statistics victimization survey 2018. The Bureau of Justice Statistics encourages comments for 60 days until April 27, 2018, on the extension and update of a currently approved data collection: 2017-19 Survey of Sexual Victimization (SSV). Your comments to BJS's requests to the Office of Management and Budget, published in the Federal Register, should address points such …

WASHINGTON ― The rate of nonfatal violent victimization in the United States rose to 23.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2022, after reaching a 30-year low of 16.4–16.5 during 2020–2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ new report Criminal Victimization, 2022.

Key Findings. Based on 3-year moving averages, the rate of nonfatal carjacking victimization 1 declined 78%, from 0.53 per 1,000 persons age 16 or older in 1995 to 0.12 per 1,000 in 2021 ( figure 1 ). 2. Over the past 10 years (2012–2021), the rate of nonfatal carjacking victimization has ranged from 0.09 per 1,000 persons to 0.15 per 1,000.The number of violent-crime victims age 12 or older rose from 2.7 million in 2015 to 3.3 million in 2018, an increase of 604,000 victims. The portion of white persons age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime increased from 0.96% in 2015 to 1.19% in 2018 (up 24%), while the portion of males who were victims increased from 0.94% to 1.21% ... Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993–2011. In 2002–11, about 5% of female intimate partner victimizations involved a irearm, 6% involved a knife, and 7% involved some other type of weapon (e.g., broken bottle, cookware, or another household object) (table 4). SmartAsset examined data for 22 metro areas from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to identify and rank where people spend the most on utilities already. Calculators Helpful Guides Co...National Crime Victimization Survey; National Criminal History Improvement Program; ... Substantiated Incidents of Sexual Victimization Reported by Juvenile Justice Authorities, 2013–2018. NCJ Number. 305192. Author(s) Emily D. Buehler, PhD, BJS Statistician. Date Published ... Bureau of Justice Statistics. About BJS. …

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993–2020. Highlights The percentage of persons age 12 or older who. were victims of violent crime declined 15%, from 1.10% (3.1 million) in 2019 to 0.93% (2.6 million) in 2020. The prevalence of property crime declined from 6.76% (8.5 million) of households in 2019 toDescribes activities during 2017 and 2018 by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to collect data and report on the incidence and effects of sexual victimization in correctional facilities, as required by the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) (P.L. 108-79). This report meets the PREA requirement to report on BJS's activities for the preceding calendar year by June 30 of each year.A section is devoted to trends in victimization from 1993 to 2005. Estimates are from data collected using the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), an ongoing survey of households that interviews about 134,000 persons in 77,200 households annually. Violent crimes included in the report are rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault ...Date Published. September 2020. Publication Series. Criminal Victimization. Annotation. This report is the 47th in a series that began in 1973. It provides official estimates of criminal victimizations reported and not reported to police from BJS's National Crime Victimization Survey. Abstract. The NCVS, which also counts incidents not reported to the police, provides a detailed picture of crime incidents, victims, and trends from the victim’s perspective. In 2018, the majority of personal crimes, 55.4 percent, were not reported to the police. In addition, the majority of property crimes, 64.9 percent, were not reported to the ...

For students ages 12–18, the rate of nonfatal criminal victimization (including theft and violent victimization) at school in 2019 was not significantly different than the rate in 2010. From 2019 to 2021, the rate at school decreased from 30 to 7 victimizations per 1,000 students.In 2018, about 9% of persons age 16 or older had been victims of identity theft during the prior 12 months. For 90% of identity-theft victims, the most recent incident involved only the misuse or attempted misuse of at least one type of existing account, such as a credit card or bank account. Monetary losses across all incidents of identity ...Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2019–2020. HIGHLIGHTS The violent victimization rate declined from 21.0 per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2019 to 16.4 per 1,000 in 2020. The number of violent crimes, excluding simple assault, fell from 2.0 million in 2019 to 1.6 million in 2020.Dec 1, 2018 · Based on data obtained from the Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS') 2017 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), this report indicates from a national representative sample of households how many persons age 12 or older were victims of violent or property crime within the last 6 months in 2017, whether or not the crimes were reported to police; and trends in these data are reported from ... Each year, millions of people suffer the direct physical, financial, and emotional impact of crime victimization. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ National Crime Victimization Survey, 2021, the rate of violent victimization in the United States has declined significantly over the last two decades—from almost 80 …Market demand can be calculated by estimating consumer demand based on the sales history of a business, the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey and a bussinessow...

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The National Inmate Survey (NIS) is part of BJS's National Prison Rape Statistics Program, which gathers mandated data on the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault in correctional facilities under the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA; P.L. 108-79). PREA requires a 10% sample of correctional facilities to be listed …Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2015 Public-Use File and 2016 revised Public-Use File. From 2015 to 2016, the number of persons experiencing one or more violent victimizations increased from 2.7 million to 2.9 million. Among U.S. households, the property crime rateJan 25, 2021 ... Additional reports from the Bureau of Justice Statistics and other DOJ sources document victimization, who's arrested, who's in jail or prison, ...Dec 21, 2018 · WASHINGTON — The Bureau of Justice Statistics today announced the results of the 2017 National Crime Victimization Survey, which BJS has conducted annually since 1973. There was no statistically significant increase from 2016 to 2017 in the number of residents age 12 and over who had been victims of violent crime during the prior six months ... FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS FRIDAY, MARCH 31, 2023, 10:00 A.M. ET Contact: OJP [email protected] PRESS RELEASE Juvenile Justice Administrators Reported Over 1,200 Youth-on-Youth and Nearly 500 Staff-on-Youth Substantiated Sexual Victimization Incidents in 2013―2018

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2008–2021. During the 5-year aggregate period of 2017–21, white persons (19.8 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older) experienced a higher rate of violent victimization than the rate for Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander persons (9.8 per ...The number of violent-crime victims age 12 or older rose from 2.7 million in 2015 to 3.3 million in 2018, an increase of 604,000 victims. The portion of white persons age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime increased from 0.96% in 2015 to 1.19% in 2018 (up 24%), while the portion of males who were victims increased from 0.94% to 1.21% ...Quantitative research is a powerful tool that enables researchers to collect and analyze data in a systematic and objective manner. It involves gathering numerical data, often thro...Dec 13, 2020 ... However, the US Bureau of Justice Statistics ... The single best source for interracial crime data is the National Crime Victimization Survey ( ...The National Crime Victimization Survey and National Incident-Based Reporting System: A complementary picture of crime in 2022. Date Published. December 2023. Series. NCVS and NIBRS Comparisons. Publication Type. Publication.National Crime Victimization Survey, [United States], 2018 (ICPSR 37297) Version Date: Feb 27, 2020. Cite this study |. Share this page. Principal Investigator (s): …Oct 18, 2021 · The violent victimization rate declined from 21.0 per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2019 to 16.4 per 1,000 in 2020. The number of violent crimes, excluding simple assault, fell from 2.0 million in 2019 to 1.6 million in 2020. The number of burglary and trespassing victimizations declined from 2019 (2.2 million) to 2020 (1.7 million). The number of violent-crime victims age 12 or older rose from 2.7 million in 2015 to 3.3 million in 2018, an increase of 604,000 victims. The portion of white persons age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime increased from 0.96% in 2015 to 1.19% in 2018 (up 24%), while the portion of males who were victims increased from 0.94% to 1.21% ...

This dashboard enables you to examine information from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), the nation’s primary source of data on nonfatal crimes reported and not …

Anecdotal data and small-scale studies suggest that transgender populations are at a heightened risk of criminal victimization, 1 which is defined as any action by others that violate laws affecting oneself or one’s property. However, outside of hate crime statistics, national data addressing this issue have been limited. 2 Beginning in 2016, the National …Highlights. During fiscal year (FY) 2020, U.S. marshals made 120,112 arrests, a 42% decrease from the 206,630 bookings in FY 2019. In FY 2020, five U.S.-Mexico border districts accounted for 56% of federal arrests. The coronavirus pandemic drove an 81% decline in arrests and 77% decline in cases charged from March to April …The Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is the nation's primary source of information on criminal victimization. Each year, data are obtained from a nationally representative sample of about 240,000 persons in about 150,000 households on the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of criminal ...1. About the N-DASH. This dashboard enables you to examine information from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), the nation’s primary source of data on nonfatal crimes reported and not reported to police. The NCVS collects information on nonfatal victimizations against persons age 12 or older from a nationally representative …This report is based on data from the U.S. Justice Department’s Bureau of Justice Statistics’ 2018 Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS), which is a supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). In the 2018 PPCS, U.S. residents were asked about instances in which they sought help from police (resident-initiated contacts) …The Bureau of Justice Statistics, a program office within the Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs, today released A New Measure of Prevalence for …The Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is the nation's primary source of information on criminal victimization. Each year, data are obtained from a nationally representative sample of about 240,000 persons in about 150,000 households on the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of criminal ...Victimisation rate. An estimated 4.0% of persons aged 15 years and over (833,600) experienced one or more selected personal crimes in the 2022-23 reference period, …bureau of justice statistics releases results from 2019 national crime victimization survey WASHINGTON — After rising from 1.1 million in 2015 to 1.4 million in 2018, the number of persons who were victims of violent crime excluding simple assault dropped to 1.2 million in 2019, the Bureau of Justice Statistics announced today.2018 NCES 2019-047. NCJ 252571. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. ... The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, publishing, and ... Crime Victimization Survey and School Crime Supplement to that survey, sponsored by BJS and NCES, respectively; the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, ...

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2018-02-15 The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented. The previous citation was: United States Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey, Concatenated File, 1992-2015. ICPSR36456-v1.This report presents a new method of estimating prevalence that overcomes the problems associated with the old procedure; it will be adopted beginning with the …Of recruits who started basic training in 2018, about 19% were female and 81% were male. Sixty-four percent of beginning recruits were white, 14% were black, and 17% were Hispanic in 2018. The average length of basic training was 833 hours, and the average length of field training was 508 hours.WASHINGTON — The Bureau of Justice Statistics today announced the results of the 2017 National Crime Victimization Survey, which BJS has conducted annually since 1973. There was no statistically significant increase from 2016 to 2017 in the number of residents age 12 and over who had been victims of violent crime during the …The Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS) provides detailed information on the characteristics of persons who had some type of contact with police during the past year, including those who contacted the police to report a crime or were pulled over in a traffic stop. The PPCS interviews a nationally representative sample of residents age 16 or older as a supplement to the National Crime ...WASHINGTON ― The Bureau of Justice Statistics is announcing the release of Drug and Alcohol Use Reported by Youth in Juvenile Facilities, 2008–2018 – Statistical Tables. An estimated 84% of youth in juvenile facilities reported ever using drugs and 76% reported ever using alcohol, based on aggregated data collected in 2008–09, …Presents 110 tables with detailed data on major variables measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey ... Bureau of Justice Statistics; Patsy A. Klaus, Bureau of Justice Statistics; ... Federal Justice Statistics, 2017-2018 Top. Bureau of Justice Statistics. About BJS. About BJS;The violent victimization rate increased from 16.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons in 2021 to 23.5 per 1,000 in 2022. From 1993 to 2022, the overall rate of violent victimization declined from 79.8 to 23.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older.There were 2,886 victims of inmate-on-inmate sexual victimization and 2,496 victims of staff-on-inmate sexual victimization in adult correctional facilities. About 25% of victims of inmate-on-inmate nonconsensual sexual acts and 43% of victims of abusive sexual contact were female. It provides official estimates of criminal victimizations reported and not reported to police from the National Crime Victimization Survey. It describes the characteristics of crimes, victims, and offenders. The number of violent-crime victims age 12 or older rose from 2.7 million in 2015 to 3.3 million in 2018, an increase of 604,000 victims. Jun 2, 2021 · Prison administrators reported 18,884 allegations of sexual victimization in 2018, which was 2.5 times the 7,575 reported in 2012. Jail administrators reported 3.5 times as many alleged sexual victimizations in 2018 (8,651) as in 2012 (2,411). ….

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, Restricted-use data, 2017–2019. This report presents . selected state-level estimates of violent and property . victimization for the 3-year aggregate period of 2017– 19 in the 22 largest U.S. states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana,Data are from BJS's Survey of Sexual Victimization (SSV, formerly the Survey of Sexual Violence), which has annually collected official records on inmate sexual victimization since 2004. Highlights Correctional administrators reported 24,661 allegations of sexual victimization in 2015, nearly triple the number recorded in 2011 (8,768).Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993-2018. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Violent victimizations reported to police Violent victimizations ’93 ’95 ’00 ’05 ’10 ’15 ’18 Rate per 1,000 persons age 12 or older Victimization estimates Based on the 2018 survey, there were 23.2 violentQuick Graphics. BJS did not test whether estimate differences in the N-DASH are statistically significant; therefore, please do not draw inferences when comparing. Confidence intervals and standard errors are two measures of the accuracy of an estimate. For more information, see User’s Guide. The dashboard is best viewed with Google …2018 NCES 2019-047. NCJ 252571. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. ... The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, publishing, and ... Crime Victimization Survey and School Crime Supplement to that survey, sponsored by BJS and NCES, respectively; the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, ...If you have comments especially on the estimated public burden or associated response time, suggestions, or need a copy of the proposed information collection …The percentage of persons age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime declined 15%, from 1.10% (3.1 million) in 2019 to 0.93% (2.6 million) in 2020. The prevalence of property crime declined from 7.37% (9.8 million) of households in 2016 to 6.19% (7.9 million) in 2020. Regardless of the victims’ sex, a greater percentage of violent ...Identity theft is a rising crime. Every year more than 60 million Americans are affected by identity theft, according to an online survey by The Harris Poll carried out in 2018. Th...This report evaluates the current method for estimating prevalence rates using the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Because the NCVS was designed to produce victimization rates and uses a rotating panel, its data structure contributes to challenges with estimating prevalence rates. Several alternative methods were … Bureau of justice statistics victimization survey 2018, The violent victimization rate declined from 21.0 per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2019 to 16.4 per 1,000 in 2020. The number of violent crimes, excluding simple assault, fell from 2.0 million in 2019 to 1.6 million in 2020. The number of burglary and trespassing victimizations declined from 2019 (2.2 million) to 2020 (1.7 million)., Of recruits who started basic training in 2018, about 19% were female and 81% were male. Sixty-four percent of beginning recruits were white, 14% were black, and 17% were Hispanic in 2018. The average length of basic training was 833 hours, and the average length of field training was 508 hours., The US Census Bureau administers the NCVS for the Bureau of Justice Statistics. The purpose of the NCVS is to document the prevalence and characteristics of violent and property crimes in the U.S., regardless of whether such experiences were reported to the police. ... findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey, …, Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993-2019. HIGHLIGHTS The rate of violent crime excluding simple assault declined 15% from 2018 to 2019, from 8.6 to 7.3 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. Among females, the rate of violent victimization excluding simple assault fell 27% from 2018 to 2019., Cosponsored by the Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is administered every two years. This supplement asks respondents ages 12 through 18 about crimes that occurred at school and other …, May 18, 2009 · The BJS National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is the nation's primary source of information on criminal victimization. Each year, data are obtained from a nationally representative sample of about 240,000 persons in about 150,000 households. Persons are interviewed on the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of criminal victimization in the United States. , An incident is a specifc criminal act involving one or more victims or victimizations. Violent incidents excluding simple assault include rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault. Ofender characteristics are based on the victims’ perceptions of the ofenders. See appendix table 17a for standard errors. *Comparison group. , The U.S. Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division defines hate crimes as “acts of violence or threats of violence motivated by bias based on statutorily-protected characteristics. This includes acts of physical harm and specific criminal threats motivated by animus based on race, color, national origin, religion, gender, sexual ..., The violent victimization rate declined from 21.0 per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2019 to 16.4 per 1,000 in 2020. The number of violent crimes, excluding …, The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is the United States' primary source for criminal justice statistics that cover a wide range of topics., No statistically significant change was detected in the percentages of violent crime reported to police from 2014 (46%) to 2015 (47%). The rate of property crime decreased from 118.1 victimizations per 1,000 households in 2014 to 110.7 per 1,000 in 2015. In 2015, 0.98% of all persons age 12 or older (2.7 million persons) experienced at least ..., In 2018, about 9% of persons age 16 or older had been victims of identity theft during the prior 12 months. For 90% of identity-theft victims, the most recent incident involved only the misuse or attempted misuse of at least one type of existing account, such as a credit card or bank account. Monetary losses across all incidents of identity ..., May 18, 2009 · The BJS National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is the nation's primary source of information on criminal victimization. Each year, data are obtained from a nationally representative sample of about 240,000 persons in about 150,000 households. Persons are interviewed on the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of criminal victimization in the United States. , The National Crime Victimization Survey and National Incident-Based Reporting System: A complementary picture of crime in 2022. Date Published. December 2023. Series. NCVS and NIBRS Comparisons. Publication Type. Publication., This report evaluates the current method for estimating prevalence rates using the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Because the NCVS was designed to …, The violent victimization rate declined from 21.0 per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2019 to 16.4 per 1,000 in 2020. The number of violent crimes, excluding …, This report presents supplementary tables for violent crimes reported in the 2018 Crime Victimization survey, which is a self-reported survey administered annually to a representative sample of U.S. residents ages 12 or older to obtain information on criminal victimizations experienced for the period of the survey., Highlights. The number of violent-crime victims age 12 or older rose from 2.7 million in 2015 to 3.3 million in 2018, an increase of 604,000 victims. The portion of white …, Highlights. The number of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction decreased by an estimated 33,600 (down 2%) from 2018 to 2019, and by 184,700 (down 11%) since 2009, the year that the number of prisoners peaked in the United States. In 2019, the imprisonment rate fell for the 11th consecutive year, hitting its lowest point …, Dec 17, 2020 · This report is based on data from the U.S. Justice Department’s Bureau of Justice Statistics’ 2018 Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS), which is a supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). In the 2018 PPCS, U.S. residents were asked about instances in which they sought help from police (resident-initiated contacts) and ... , Mar 5, 2020 · Basic demographic information such as age, race, gender, and income is also collected, to enable analysis of crime by various subpopulations. This dataset represents the concatenated version of the NCVS on a collection year basis for 1992-2018. A collection year contains records from interviews conducted in the 12 months of the given year. , This dashboard enables you to examine information from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), the nation’s primary source of data on nonfatal crimes reported and not …, Rate of violent victimizations. From 2005 to 2019—. The overall rate of violent victimization fell 26% (from 28.4 to 21.0 victimizations per 1,000 U.S. residents age 12 or older). The rate of violent victimization against black persons fell 43% (from 32.7 to 18.7 violent victimizations per 1,000 black persons age 12 or older)., WASHINGTON ― The rate of nonfatal violent victimization in the United States rose to 23.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2022, after reaching a 30-year low of 16.4–16.5 during 2020–2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ new report Criminal Victimization, 2022., National Crime Victimization Survey Hate Crime Data ... Monday, January 1, 2018. Detailed incident-level data on residents' self-reported experiences with hate crime, both reported and not reported to police, from a nationally representative sample of about 225,000 persons age 12 or older. ... Bureau of Justice Statistics (OJP) Resource Type ..., The new Consumer Price Index spells trouble, but not all items are affected. The new Consumer Price Index was released this week by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the results ..., The rate of violent victimization of lesbian or gay persons (43.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 16 or older) was more than two times the rate for straight persons (19.0 per 1,000). The rate of violent victimization against transgender persons (51.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 16 or older) was 2.5 times the rate among cisgender ..., The rate of robbery victimization increased from 1.7 per 1,000 persons in 2016 to 2.3 in 2017. The portion of persons age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime increased from 0.98% in 2015 to 1.14% in 2017. From 2015 to 2017, the percentage of persons who were victims of violent crime increased among males, whites, those ages 25 to 34 ..., more information on changes to the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993–2021. HIGHLIGHTS From 1993 to 2021, the rate of violent victimization declined from 79.8 to 16.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. About 46% of violent victimizations were, Criminal Victimization, 2019. Date Published. September 2020. Series. Criminal Victimization. Publication Type. Publication. Criminal Victimization, 2018. Date ..., This survey, called the National Crime Victimization Survey, collects data measuring the types and amount of crime involving people age 12 or older. Periodically, the survey includes additional topics such as crime in schools, contacts with law enforcement, and identity theft. Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey ..., Race and Ethnicity of Violent Crime Offenders and Arrestees, 2018. This report compares the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program data on incidents of nonfatal violent crime to data from BJS's National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to determine if arrest differences by race and ethnicity can be attributed to differences in criminal ..., The violent victimization rate increased from 16.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons in 2021 to 23.5 per 1,000 in 2022. From 1993 to 2022, the overall rate of violent victimization declined from 79.8 to 23.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. In 2022, about 2 in 5 (42%) violent victimizations were reported to police.