Chromogranin a labcorp

Order Name CHROMOG A. Test Number: 3803557. Revision Date 12/12/2022. Test Name. Methodology. LOINC Code. Chromogranin A. Thermo Fisher BRAHMS Kryptor. 9811-1.

Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic glycoprotein that is commonly expressed by neuroendocrine cells and constitutes one of the most profuse components of secretory granules. When a tumour develops in an endocrine tissue, it becomes the main source of circulating CgA. Its concentration is thought to be elevated in relation to neuroendocrine ...Keywords: Chromogranin A, Monoclonal antibody, Immunohistochemistry, Specifility, iELISA Background Human chromogranin A (CgA) consists of 457 amino acid with molecular weight ~49 kDa, and its gene is located in chromosome 14 of Homo sapiens. As a member of Granin protein family, CgA is mainly produced by endocrine cells Labcorp test details for Chromogranin A. Patients & Individuals (Press Get or Space to Abfahren to Landing Page press Urge Down to expand Menu) Patients & Individuals expand menu Main Laboratory . The Doctors Laboratory The Halo Building, 1 Mabledon Place London, WC1H 9AX, UK . Tel: +44 (0)20 7307 7373 Email: [email protected] - 7 days. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider.Abstract. Chromogranin A (CgA) is a member of the granins, a family of acidic proteins found in abundance in (neuro)endocrine cells (e.g. in chromaffin cells) and in some tumors. Like other granins, CgA has a granulogenic role in secretory granule biogenesis and is stored in these organelles. CgA is partially processed differentially in various ...

Dec 12, 2014 · Chromogranin A (CgA) not only plays an important role in pathologic diagnosis, but is also used as a circulating biomarker in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN). However, the relationship between immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression and serum levels of CgA has not been investigated. Plasma chromogranin A or urine fractionated metanephrines follow-up testing improves the diagnostic accuracy of plasma fractionated metanephrines for pheochromocytoma. J …Chromogranin A (CGA) is a 439-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 48 to 60 kDa, depending on glycosylation and phosphorylation status. It is a member of the granin family of proteins and polypeptides. Granins are widespread in endocrine, neuroendocrine, peripheral, and central nervous tissues, where they are found in secretory ...Labcorp test details for Chromogranin A. Elevated CGA levels may be seen in non-NEN malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma 41 and breast cancer. 42. Circulating CgA is increased in several common, non-neoplastic conditions associated with tissue damage and remolding. 5,43-46 These include: • Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic atrophic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection ...Chromogranin A in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Cancers (Basel). 2019 Apr 25;11(4):586. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040586. Authors Radovan Bílek 1 , Petr Vlček 2 , Libor Šafařík 3 , David Michalsk ý 4 , Květoslav Novák 5 , Jaroslava ...Chromogranin A is a heat-stable mast cell mediator. High levels can suggest MCAS, but other sources must first be ruled out, such as heart failure, renal …Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic glycoprotein that is commonly expressed by neuroendocrine cells and constitutes one of the most profuse components of secretory granules. When a tumour develops in an endocrine tissue, it becomes the main source of circulating CgA. Its concentration is thought to be elevated in relation to neuroendocrine ...Use. QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus is an in vitro diagnostic test using a peptide cocktail of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell antigens to stimulate cells in heparinized whole blood. Detection of interferon-gamma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to identify in vitro responses to these peptide antigens that are associated with Mycobacterium ...

Chromogranin concentration is a prognostic factor for serotonin secreting neuroendocrine tumors originating from the small intestine. Concentration levels of chromogranin often correlate with the size of the tumor and the extent of metastasis. Chromogranin A test is also a potential marker to detect relapse or recurrence of …Jun 18, 2014 · Abstract. Chromogranin A (CgA) not only plays an important role in pathologic diagnosis, but is also used as a circulating biomarker in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN). However, the relationship between immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression and serum levels of CgA has not been investigated. Test Preparation Needed? You may be instructed to avoid certain foods and medications prior to this test. (For more details, see the "What is being tested?" section below.) 5-HIAA is a breakdown product of serotonin. The 5-HIAA test measures blood levels to help diagnose and monitors treatment for a carcinoid tumor that produces serotonin.Chromogranin A test cost max is in True Health Labs (Sarcoma Panel) with price $539.00. This laboratory test is available in 5 online lab test stores. $168.00. Order. Walk-In Lab. Chromogranin A Serum Test. Covered tests: Chromogranin A ( LabCorp ) Covered components: Chromogranin A. Blacklisted States: NY, NJ, RI. Additional Information. Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid L-histidine through the action of the enzyme histidine decarboxylase. 1 This small molecule is primarily produced by mast cells and basophils. These cells are morphologically characterized by numerous, electron dense cytoplasmic granules, which contain histamine and other ... Chromogranin A is also elevated in 80% to 90% of patients with symptomatic foregut and midgut tumors. -Urine serotonin is in most circumstances the least likely marker to be elevated. The exception is tumors (usually foregut tumors) that produce predominately 5-HTP, rather than serotonin, and also secrete little, if any, chromogranin A.

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Serotonin, Blood. In conjunction with, or as an alternative to, first-order tests in the differential diagnosis of isolated symptoms suggestive of carcinoid syndrome, in particular flushing (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid or serum chromogranin A measurements are first-line tests) Second-order test in the follow-up of patients with known or treated ...Chromogranin A; Sex Age From Age To Type Range Range Unit : Normal: 187: ng/mL: Special Info. Plasma is not acceptable. Grossly hemolyzed samples will be rejected. The Chromogranin A test was performed using the B·R·A·H·M·S CgA II KRYPTOR method. Results obtained with different assay methods or kits cannot be used interchangeably.Endocervical swab: Remove excess mucus from the cervical os and surrounding mucosa using the cleaning swab (white-shaft swab in the package with red printing). Discard this swab. Insert the specimen collection swab (blue-shaft swab in the package with green printing) into the endocervical canal. Gently rotate the swab clockwise for 10 to 30 ...Order a Kit. Specific, custom kits for your patients are available right here. Our innovative kit service and automated re-supply process are quick and efficient - reducing the burden on your investigator site staff. Kit orders bound for Ukraine, Russia, Moldova and Belarus could be delayed due to the ongoing situation in the region.Product Description. This antibody cocktail recognizes a protein of 68-75 kDa, identified as Chromogranin A antibody. The combination of LK2H10 and PHE5 is specifically designed for sensitive detection of Chromogranin A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body. Blood. Preparation: No special preparation required. Test Results: 3-4 days. May take longer based on weather, holiday or lab delays. Walk-In Lab is prohibited from selling LabCorp tests to residents in the following states:NY, NJ, RI, MA, MD. The chromogranin A (CgA) test is used as a tumor marker. . It may also be used to detect the presence ...

Lady2 said: Normal value range Chromogranin A. Last year my test results was at 53 and normal range was <15ng/ml. Currently it is at 71 but lab normal range is at 25-140 ng/ml. Carcinoid.org normal value <39ng/ml. I get Flushing really bad and last 3-4 hours. I am confused with different normal values. Chromogranin A (CgA), which is an intrinsically disordered protein that belongs to the granin family, was first discovered in the bovine adrenal medulla, and later identified in various organs. Under certain physiological conditions, CgA is cleaved into functionally diverse peptides, such as vasostatin-1, pancreastatin, and catestatin. In this review, we first describe the historical and ... Chromogranin-A ( Cga) or parathyroid secretory protein 1 is encoded in the human by the gene CHGA. Cga is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. As such, it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells such as islet beta cell secretory granules in the pancreas. [5] Collection. Instruct the patient to void at 8 AM and discard the specimen. Then collect all urine including the final specimen voided at the end of the 24-hour collection period (ie, 8 AM the next morning). Screw the lid on securely. Label container with patient's name, date and time collection started, and date and time collection finished. Dec 12, 2022 · Order Name CHROMOG A. Test Number: 3803557. Revision Date 12/12/2022. Test Name. Methodology. LOINC Code. Chromogranin A. Thermo Fisher BRAHMS Kryptor. 9811-1. Labcorp's help center allows you to search frequently asked questions, access contact information and resources to answer your lab questions.First and only fully automated chromogranin A assay worldwide. Thermo ScientificTM B·R·A·H·M·STM CgA II KRYPTORTM is an automated immunofluorescent assay using Time-Resolved Amplified Cryptate Emission (TRACETM) technology for quantitative determination of Chromogranin A concentration in human serum. Broad measuring range and automatic ...Are sound waves one more thing that might kill you? And if so, how? Learn if sound waves can kill at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement In "The Calculus Affair," one of the volumes in He...

Chromogranin A. Order Name CHROMOG A Test Number: 3803557 Revision Date 12/12/2022. Test Name Methodology LOINC Code; Chromogranin A ... Performing Labcorp Test Code: 140848 : Notes: The Thermofisher/BRAHMS KRYPTOR® assay employs Time-Resolved Amplified Cryptate Emission Cryptate Emission (TRACE) technology based on a non-radioactive energy ...

Chromogranin A is a heat-stable mast cell mediator. High levels can suggest MCAS, but other sources must first be ruled out, such as heart failure, renal …None Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 19-9 test cost minimal is in Walk-In Lab (Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 19-9 Blood Test) with price $53.00. Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 19-9 test cost max is in True Health Labs (Esophageal Cancer Panel) with price $679.00. This laboratory test is available in 6 online lab test stores.Notes. Chromogranin A is used as a marker for investigation and monitoring of neuroendocrine tumours. Increased levels of chromogranin A can also be seen in patients with decreased renal function, patients with atrophic gastritis, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, and patients receiving proton-pump inhibitors. Chromogranin B is less …The chromogranin A test (CgA) is used in combination with 5-HIAA to help diagnose carcinoid tumors and may also be used to detect other neuroendocrine tumors.Investigator Portal - Labcorp is a secure online platform for clinical trial investigators to access study-related documents, data, and training materials. It also allows investigators to order kits, manage shipments, and communicate with Labcorp Drug Development staff. Join the portal today and enjoy the benefits of streamlined clinical trial management.Introduction. In September 1965, Banks and Helle reported the release of proteins from the stimulated adrenal medulla.1 In July 1967, Blaschko's group named splanchnic nerve–stimulated release of soluble proteins “chromogranins;”2 and in September 1967, his group coined the term chromogranin A (CgA) for the major …Chromogranin A is a main, nonspecific neuroendocrine tumor marker (NET). It's estimation was applied for diagnostic purposes and for monitoring the treatment of NET. Currently few commercial assays are available allowing measurement of CgA concentration in serum or plasma. These methods have various …

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Chromogranins, including chromogranin A (CgA), are members of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins located in the secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. 3 In addition to the primary function chromogranins in granulogenesis of vesicle formation, CgA is the precursor for many functional peptides such as vasostatin ...Labcorp Help Center is your online resource for finding answers to common questions about Labcorp services, billing, appointments, results and more. Whether you are a new or existing patient, you can access helpful information and support from Labcorp experts.Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and. Trichomonas vaginalis, NAA. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests.Pancreastatin - Pancreastatin (PST), also called chromogranin A amide, is a 49-amino acid peptide that was first isolated from porcine pancreas. Pancreastatin is one of a number of biologically active peptides produced by proteolysis of the precursor molecule chromogranin A (CGA). It was first described as an inhibitor of insulin secretion, but since then many different effects have been reported.Getting Tested. My doctor provided a test request form for a different laboratory. My insurance requires I use Labcorp. Do I need to go back to my doctor for a Labcorp test request form? My doctor ordered tests, but I never had the testing done. I still have the old test order form. Can I come in and be tested or do I need to go back to my ...Product Description. This antibody cocktail recognizes a protein of 68-75 kDa, identified as Chromogranin A antibody. The combination of LK2H10 and PHE5 is specifically designed for sensitive detection of Chromogranin A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body.The majority of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine, carcinoid tumors do not produce elevated whole blood or serum serotonin levels. In most cases, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and chromogranin A are superior tests for the assessment of carcinoid syndrome.1-4 In rare instances, a deficiency of aromatic amino acids decarboxylase in carcinoid tumor cell limits the conversion of 5-HTP ...Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, more commonly known as Labcorp, is an American healthcare company headquartered in Burlington, North Carolina. It operates one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the world, with a United States network of 36 primary laboratories. Before a merger with National Health Laboratory in 1995, the ... ….

Test Interpretations. Chromogranin A is a member of the granin family of proteins that are present within the secretory granules of cells in endocrine, neuroendocrine, and nerve …Labcorp test details for 5‐HIAA, Plasma. 8 - 15 days. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider.Chromogranin A cells in the corpora of (A) a control subject and (B) a patient with irritable bowel syndrome-C. Staining was performed using the avidin-biotin complex method. Discussion The findings of the present study revealed that the density of all endocrine cells in the antrum and corpus of the stomach, as identified by CgA ...This would enable retention of target protein inside the cell. Relative expression of Chromogranin A was observed in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells treated with PTI (1X for 4hr) and with FL1-06 (10uM for 4hr) as compared to the corresponding untreated cells using Anti-Chromogranin A Polyclonal Antibody (Product # PA5-77917) in Western Blot. {RE}Additional Information. Troponin T (TnT) is a component of the contractile apparatus of the striated musculature. Although the function of TnT is the same in all striated muscles, the cardiac isoform of TnT originating exclusively from the myocardium clearly differs from skeletal muscle TnT.Nonhormonal secretory products, such as chromogranin A, pancreastatin, and pancreatic polypeptide are often produced by both functional and nonfunctional NETs, and can serve as circulating serum tumor markers . In addition to these hormonal and nonhormonal peptide markers, novel circulating RNA-based tests have been developed that are ...Order Code Order Code Name Order Loinc Result Code Result Code Name UofM Result LOINC; 733726: 733726 13+Oxycodone+Crt-Scr: 69739-1: 737690: Amphetamines Screen, UrineChromogranin A (CgA, NM_001275.3) is a 456-amino acid hydrophilic acidic protein of the granin family, expressed in a variety of endocrine, neuroendocrine, peripheral and central neural tissues (Bartolomucci et al., 2011). CgA functions as a key component of dense-core secretory granules and modulates the storage and processing ... Chromogranin a labcorp, Chromogranin A (CgA) A blood tumor marker used for detection of certain cancers. Chromogranin A is considered the best general neuroendocrine serum or plasma marker available both for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation and is increased in 50-100% of patients with various neuroendocrine tumors. Chromogranin A serum or plasma …, The median chromogranin A level in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cases was higher than that in cases of other tumors (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: 126.62 ng/mL, other tumors: 69.82 ng/mL). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the chromogranin A assay for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis were 49.2%, 77.8%, and 60.9% ..., Chromogranin A (CgA) levels can predict tumour mass and aid with clinical evaluation in management of neuroendocrine tumours. Interpretation: CgA is an acidic protein that is co-released with catecholamines from storage granules in the adrenal medulla. It is secreted by a great variety of peptide-producing endocrine neoplasms: pheochromocytoma ..., Chromogranin A belongs to the family of proteins known as grains that are mostly produced by endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. Therefore, it is an accepted biomarker for the assessment of neuroendocrine tumors. In the past, it was used in the management of patients with tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic origin. However, lately, it has been associated […], Because of wide spectrum chromogranin A secretion, together with other regulatory proteins, there are several causes of elevated chromogranin unrelated to neuroendocrine tumor. In clinical practice, the most common causes of false (non-NET) CgA results is the use of proton pump inhibitors, cases of atrophic gastritis and impaired kidney function., Chromogranin A (CgA) is a prohormone and granulogenic factor in endocrine and neuroendocrine tissues, as well as in neurons, and has a regulated secretory pathway. The intracellular functions of CgA include the initiation and regulation of dense-core granule biogenesis and sequestration of hormones in neuroendocrine cells. This …, Centrifuge and transfer the plasma into a LabCorp PP transpak frozen purple tube with screw cap (LabCorp N° 49482). Freeze within 24 hours and maintain frozen until tested. To avoid delays in turnaround time when requesting multiple tests on frozen samples, please submit separate frozen specimens for each test requested., Additional Information. Albumin accounts for approximately 50% of the protein in plasma. 2 The kidney works to prevent the loss of albumin into the urine through active resorption, but a small amount of albumin can be measured in urine of individuals with normal renal function. The prognostic value of consistently elevated albumin levels is ..., Similarly to LH, FSH, and TSH, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a member of the glycoprotein family and consists of two subunits (α and β chains) that are associated to the intact hormone. 1-7 The α-chains in all four of these glycoprotein hormones are virtually identical, whereas the β-chains have greatly differing structures and are ..., Chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein contained in secretion granules of neuroendocrine cells, is the most abundant granin in GEP-NETs and widely used as a circulating tumor marker, but only few studies have been published on the role of CgA in patients with GEP-PET, and the range of sensitivity were variously reported [8-10]., Order Code Order Code Name Order Loinc Result Code Result Code Name UofM Result LOINC; 042077: Anemia Profile B: 001347: Iron Bind.Cap.(TIBC) ug/dL: 2500-7: 042077, Cancer Antigen (CA) 27.29 test cost is between $69.99 and $865.00. None Cancer Antigen (CA) 27.29 test cost minimal is in LabReqs (CA 27-29) with price $69.99. Cancer Antigen (CA) 27.29 test cost max is in True Health Labs (Breast Cancer Panel) with price $779.00. This laboratory test is available in 8 online lab test stores., Labcorp test details for Insulin. This insulin assay is performed using a 2-site electrochemiluminescent immunoassay on the Roche automated platform. 1 This test could be effectively used for those patients not receiving exogenous insulin or those receiving unmodified human insulin. Test 004333, Insulin is highly specific for human insulin, as shown in the table below., Test Includes. KOH/Calcofluor stain and Fungus (Mycology) Culture [008482]. Calcofluor preparation and culture for fungus; identification (additional charges/CPT code [s] may apply) if culture results warrant. Before results are reported, cultures are held for one to four weeks, based on specimen source: results on sterile body fluids and blood ..., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, more commonly known as Labcorp, is an American healthcare company headquartered in Burlington, North Carolina. It operates one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the world, with a United States network of 36 primary laboratories. Before a merger with National Health Laboratory in 1995, the ..., If you have a LabCorp Link TM login/password, you can submit your add-on test request electronically.You may also call your local laboratory and add-on the test request. After the verbal add-on order, you will receive a request for written authorization for the verbal order and LabCorp will provide a fax number to send this form back to the laboratory with signature and any other additional ..., Chromogranin A (CGA) is a 439-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 48 to 60 kDa, depending on glycosylation and phosphorylation status. It is a member of the granin family of proteins and polypeptides. Granins are widespread in endocrine, neuroendocrine, peripheral, and central nervous tissues, where they are found in secretory ..., Labcorp test details for Cortisol. Pregnancy, contraceptives, and estrogen therapy give rise to elevated cortisol concentrations. 1 In samples from patients who have been treated with prednisolone, methylprednisolone, or prednisone, falsely elevated concentrations of cortisol may be determined. 1 During metyrapone tests, 11-deoxycortisol levels are …, The quantitative allergen-specific IgE test is indicated (1) to determine whether an individual has elevated allergen-specific IgE antibodies; (2) if specific allergic sensitivity is needed to allow immunotherapy to be initiated; (3) when testing individuals for agents that may potentially cause anaphylaxis; (4) when evaluating individuals who ... , This question is about Cheap Car Insurance in Alaska @mckayla_girardin • 04/27/22 This answer was first published on 04/27/22. For the most current information about a financial pr..., Carcinoid tumors in the lungs. Signs and symptoms of carcinoid lung tumors include: Chest pain. Wheezing. Shortness of breath. Diarrhea. Redness or a feeling of warmth in your face and neck (skin flushing) Weight gain, particularly around the midsection and upper back. Pink or purple marks on the skin that look like stretch marks., Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a form of cancer that differ from other neoplasia in that they synthesize, store, and secrete peptides, e.g., chromogranin A (CgA) and amines. A critical issue is late diagnosis due to failure to identify symptoms or to establish the biochemical diagnosis. We review here the utility of CgA measurement in NETs and describe its biological role and the ..., Chromogranin A, S: 9811-1: Report Available 1 to 3 days Reject Due To. Gross hemolysis: Reject: Gross lipemia: OK: Gross icterus: OK: Day(s) Performed. Monday through Saturday. Forms. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send 1 of the following forms with the specimen:-General Request (T239), Purpose We evaluated the pattern of chromogranin A (CgA) plasma levels in a large number of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), in a series of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with and without enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia, and in healthy participants (HPs). Patients and Methods Two hundred thirty-eight patients with NETs, 42 patients with CAG with or ..., Simply search above for the lab you'd like to visit and select Make Appointment. From there, you'll be able to select an available time that works for you. Find a lab near you to collect samples for testing at Labcorp patient service centers. Walk-in appointments available, or schedule routine blood tests., Chromogranin A (CGA) is a 439-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 48 to 60 kDa, depending on glycosylation and phosphorylation status. It is a member of the granin family of proteins and polypeptides. Granins are widespread in endocrine, neuroendocrine, peripheral, and central nervous tissues, where they are found in secretory ..., Using a flocked swab and tongue depressor blade, roll the swab over the tonsillar area and posterior oropharynx, including any ulceration, exudate, lesion, or any area of apparent inflammation., Chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein contained in secretion granules of neuroendocrine cells, is the most abundant granin in GEP-NETs and widely used as a circulating tumor marker, but only few studies have been published on the role of CgA in patients with GEP-PET, and the range of sensitivity were variously reported [8-10]., Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial. Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL. Collection Information: Centrifuge and aliquot serum into plastic vial. Do not submit in original tube. Bassett Healthcare Network Clinical Laboratories Note: Blood Tube Draw Volume. Min 50% draw volume. 50% of the tube fill volume is required for proper blood to additive ratio., Background: Circulating chromogranin A (CgA) levels, a marker for neuroendocrine tumors including carcinoids, have recently been found elevated in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although their significance is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate CgA levels and their possible relationship with clinical and biochemical disease activity indexes in 119 IBD patients., Storage Instructions. Specimens are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. If testing cannot be completed within 24 hours, specimens should be centrifuged for at least 10 minutes at 1500xg. Plasma should then be transferred to a Labcorp PP transpak frozen purple tube with screw cap (Labcorp No. 49482). Freeze immediately and maintain frozen ..., Serotonin, Blood. In conjunction with, or as an alternative to, first-order tests in the differential diagnosis of isolated symptoms suggestive of carcinoid syndrome, in particular flushing (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid or serum chromogranin A measurements are first-line tests) Second-order test in the follow-up of patients with known or treated ..., Purpose of review: The review summarizes the utility and limitations of chromogranin A (CgA) as a circulating biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Recent findings: Blood CgA measurement has numerous clinical limitations including poor assay reproducibility, low sensitivity (meta-analysis: 73%, 95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.76), and a paucity of prospective validation studies.