Dibels chart

In 2017, Hasbrouck and Tindal published an Update of Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) Norms , compiled from three widely-used and commercially available ORF assessments ( DIBELS , DIBELS Next, and easy CBM), and representing a far larger number of scores than the previous assessments. The table below shows the mean oral reading fluency of students …

Dibels chart. DIBELS is a predictor of literacy strategies. DIBELS are comprised of seven measures to function as indicators of phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, accuracy and fluency with connected text, reading comprehension, and vocabulary. DIBELS were designed for use in identifying children experiencing difficulty in acquisition of basic early ...

The Hasbrouck-Tindal oral reading fluency charts show the oral reading fluency norms of students as determined by data collected by Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal. Teachers can use these tables to draw conclusions and make decisions about the oral reading fluency of their students. (The 2017 chart shows oral reading fluency norms for students ...

National Update on LA's Innovative Assessment Pilot Recording. IAP For Teachers – Understanding the Grades 6-8, 2023-24 Classroom Score Report and Score Report Reflections Guide. IAP Session 5 - Understanding the Score Reports - December 2023. IAP Session 6 - Using the Score Report Reflections Guide December 2023.The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) help to identify whether a child will struggle with reading and to identify the child's current reading level. The program was developed at the University of Oregon and is used to help teachers identify struggling readers to provide early intervention by using the assessment results.Available: https://dibels.uoregon.edu Fourth grade Fifth grade Sixth grade B M E B M E B M E Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) – Words Correct 131+ 159+ 159+ 139+ 149+ 157+ 151+ 157+ 160+ 130 87 158 121 158 125 138 103 148 122 156 137 150 123 156 133 159 141 86 62 120 98 124 99 102 81 121 108 136 124 122 99 132 117 140 125 ... Additional Support Resources. Amplify Literacy Hub. High-quality Instructional Materials Hub. K-12 Stimulus Funding Hub. DIBELS Data System Resources. Assessment Resources, DIBELS Resources, DIBELS Testing Materials, IDEL Resources, Professional Development, Research and Tech Reports. DIBELS Composite Score 354+ 424+ 480+ 330 – 353 389 – 423 441 – 479 321 – 329 377 – 388 427 – 440 200 – 320 200 – 376 200 – 426 Legend Blue goal = Core support; …

Postage stamp charts are becoming increasingly popular among businesses, as they offer a convenient way to track postage costs and ensure that you’re always paying the correct amou...1. Linking DIBELS® Oral Reading Fluency with The Lexile Framework® for Reading Grade 2 Conversion Table ORF Reading Reported ORF Reading Reported ORF Reading Reported Count Lexile Count Lexile Count Lexile 0 BR 67 305L 134 780L 1 BR 68 310L 135 780L 2 BR 69 320L 136 780L 3 BR 70 325L 137 780L 4 BR 71 335L 138 780L …... DIBELS IDEL Class Progress Summary Graph · See more. Acadience Reading and Math (DIBELS Next) Class Progress Summary. 1 year ago; Updated. Print Topic | ...Technical Report 2001 Percentile Ranks for DIBELS 8th Edition Benchmark Assessments In this report we present percentile ranks for DIBELS 8th Edition benchmark assessments, based on data collected by schools participating in the Assessment InnovationMilitary ranks are an important part of the military structure, and understanding how to read a chart of military ranks is essential for anyone who wants to understand the hierarch...DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency ORF < 83 83 <= ORF < 109 ORF >= 109 At risk Some risk Low risk ORF < 99 99 <= ORF < 120 ORF >= 120 At risk Some risk Low risk ORF < 104 104 <= ORF < 125 ORF >= 125 At risk Some risk Low risk. Page 5 Note: Goals and cutpoints for risk for Grades 4 through 6 are based on CBM normative information from 4th and 5th …DIBELS 8th Edition was administered to 4,453 students in grades K – 8 in twenty-nine schools. Participating students came from throughout the country: all four census regions were represented. 48.1% of the participating students were female, 50.9% were male. 18.1% of students were Hispanic.117.9k. Views. A Conversion Chart For Reading Level Measurement Tools. by TeachThought Staff. If you’ve used AR (Accelerated Reader) as a reading motivation tool to set goals and track …

DIBELS 8 Comparison. We’ve heard from a number of schools looking for information comparing DIBELS 8th Edition to other literacy assessments as they consider their assessment choices. It’s an important decision so we’ve put together the following information to help your process. We admit we’re a bit biased but that’s because we ...DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency is a 1-minute fluency measure that assesses both accuracy and fluency of reading connected text. Students read a set of three passages at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year, and it is their median score from these passages, at each assessment period, that is recorded and compared to the …Checking with reputable linen and bedding companies through their online portals is an easy way to find size charts for each company’s pillows. Each manufacturer sizes pillows acco...DIBELS 8th Edition percentiles and Zones of Growth were updated based on data collected during the 2021-2022 school year. The sample includes 2,869,626 students from all 50 states and reflects the current nationwide distribution of scores after a period of unprecedented disruption and challenge to typical instructional practices resulting from …

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Charts are a powerful tool for visualizing data and conveying information in a clear and concise manner. Whether you’re presenting sales figures, tracking progress, or comparing da...DIBELS 8th Edition was administered to 4,453 students in grades K – 8 in twenty-nine schools. Participating students came from throughout the country: all four census regions were represented. 48.1% of the participating students were female, 50.9% were male. 18.1% of students were Hispanic.DIBELS 8 Comparison. We’ve heard from a number of schools looking for information comparing DIBELS 8th Edition to other literacy assessments as they consider their assessment choices. It’s an important decision so we’ve put together the following information to help your process. We admit we’re a bit biased but that’s because we ... Technical Report 2001 Percentile Ranks for DIBELS 8th Edition Benchmark Assessments In this report we present percentile ranks for DIBELS 8th Edition benchmark assessments, based on data collected by schools participating in the Assessment Innovation the 58 students. The DIBELS score of 90 is emphasized in the chart, because 90 or above on the spring assessment resulted in a 91% likelihood of a student scoring at a level of proficient or advanced on the CSAP. Chart 2 Spring DIBELS and CSAP Scores for 58 Third Grade Students 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 DIBELS …

DIBELS 8th Edition Phonemic Segmentation Fluency Benchmark PSF 1.Beginning Examiner script Reminders I am going to say a word. After I say it, you tell me all the sounds in the word. So, if I say ‘am,’ you would say /a/ /m/. Let’s try one (1 second pause). Tell me the sounds in ‘it’. CORRECT Student says /i/ /t/ Very good.Technical Report 2001 Percentile Ranks for DIBELS 8th Edition Benchmark Assessments In this report we present percentile ranks for DIBELS 8th Edition benchmark assessments, based on data collected by schools participating in the Assessment InnovationThe Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIEBELS®) is an instrument that can be used to measure literacy and reading skills acquisition. It is comprised of multiple, short, fluency measures that allow educators to monitor development and identify risks in these domains. Subtests predict later reading proficiency and later reading ...DIBELS ( Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) is a series of short tests designed to evaluate key literacy skills among students in kindergarten through 8th grade, such as phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, accuracy, fluency, and comprehension. B M E. Sixth grade. B M E. Seventh grade. B M E. Eighth grade. Legend. Blue goal = Core support; Negligible risk (nearly all students in this range score at or above the 40th percentile rank on criterion measure) Green range = Core support; Minimal risk Bold = the minimum score needed for core support (about 80% of students who score at or ... Sep 17, 2018 - What is DIBELS Next? DIBELS stands for “Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills”. DIBELS Next has retained the best of DIBELS, but has been updated to increase ease of use and accuracy of results. The testing is standardized and individualized. The tests are given in short, 1-minute fluency measures to monitor the …For example, DIBELS 8th Edition Maze scores from second grade to eighth grade are correlated well with a range of DIBELS Next Composite, Iowa Total Reading, and Iowa Word Analysis measures. Concurrent and predictive validity coefficients for DIBELS Next Composite are moderately correlated and range from r = .36 in grade 2 and r = .59 in grade 3 ...Educators use DIBELS Next to quickly and reliably identify the specific skills where students need additional support to help them become proficient readers. Amplify is the approved device-based provider of DIBELS Next, which we offer as mCLASS ®:DIBELS Next ®. This document provides users of mCLASS:DIBELS Next with information about the use andSep 17, 2018 - What is DIBELS Next? DIBELS stands for “Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills”. DIBELS Next has retained the best of DIBELS, but has been updated to increase ease of use and accuracy of results. The testing is standardized and individualized. The tests are given in short, 1-minute fluency measures to monitor the … Changes to the DIBELS 8 benchmark goals were motivated by two primary factors: (a) the concordance (i.e., agreement) between subtest and composite risk classifications for individual students, and (b) percentile ranks updated with the latest operational data from DDS and Amplify. dibels measures & progress monitoring graphs The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) consist of the following measures (as cited on their website): …

Acadience® RAN Assessment Manual 2 Figure 1. Sequence of Acadience RAN Measures Acadience RAN Objects YES Discontinue? NO • Record time and errors. • Proceed to RAN Letters.

DIBELS® 8th Edition 2019-20 Benchmark Goals. Kindergarten. Beginning . Middle . LNF. -- 25+. 16-24 0-15 -- 37+. 31-36 0-30 -- PSF. 20+. 12-19. 7-11 0-6 43+. 32-42. 23-31 0-22 53+. DIBELS®8th Edition Benchmark Goals. NWF-CLS. 20+. 10-19. 4-9 0-3 36+. 26-35. 17-25 0-16 41+. NWF-WRC. -- 1+. -- 0 9+. 4-8. 2-3 0-1 13+. WRF. -- 1+. -- 0 10+. 5-9. 1-4. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. DIBELS®8th Edition Benchmark Goals updated: 9.19.19 Legend Blue goal = Core support; Negligible risk (< 10% chance of not achieving at or above 40th percentile on criterion measure) Green range = Core support; Minimal risk (< 20% chance of not achieving at or above 40th percentile on criterion measure)24 Jan 2023 ... DIBELS are a set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of literacy skills. ... The subtests are designed to be short (one ... A limited set of DIBELS 8th Edition Student Assessment Materials and Scoring Materials have been updated for 2021-2022. Apart from the Grade 5 ORF benchmark (BM) passage and the Grades 2-8 Maze progress monitoring (PM) materials, schools that have already printed their 2021-2022 materials will find that the changes are quite minor and do not necessitate re-printing. Education Technology. 1 of 1. Download now. Download to read offline. DIBELS to Lexile Conversion Chart. 1. Linking DIBELS® Oral Reading Fluency with The Lexile Framework® for Reading Grade 1 Conversion Table ORF Reading Reported ORF Reading Reported ORF Reading Reported Count Lexile Count Lexile Count Lexile 0 BR …Additional information about the study can be found in DIBELS Next®1: Findings from the Benchmark Goals Study, available from www.acadiencelearning.org. 1 Acadience ® Reading K–6 is the new name for the DIBELS Next ® assessment.DIBELS 8th Edition percentiles and Zones of Growth were updated based on data collected during the 2021-2022 school year. The sample includes 2,869,626 students from all 50 states and reflects the current nationwide distribution of scores after a period of unprecedented disruption and challenge to typical instructional practices resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic.

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In 2019, DIBELS 8th Edition will also offer new composite scores. A major drawback of the old. composite scores was that the composite scores were only about as accurate in predicting risk as the. predominant measure for a given benchmark period. The new DIBELS 8th Edition composite scores are.The DIBELS 8th Edition Maze subtest in grades 2-8 was validated against the Iowa Assessment of Reading. The Iowa Assessment is a published, group-administered, multiple-choice, norm-referenced measure of reading achievement. The Total Reading measure assesses broad reading achievement.Literacy Skills (DIBELS®) with the Lexile Framework began with initial discussions in 2004–2006 between MetaMetrics, Roland Good of Dynamic Measurement Group, Inc., and Wireless Generation. In fall 2006, a study was designed to link The Lexile Framework for Reading with the DIBELS 6th Edition Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) measure. Form B: Flexible Grouping Chart (DIBELS) Fill in student names to form needs-based flexible groups. Indicate student’s instructional level by his/her name (I-Intensive, S-Strategic, B-Benchmark). Sub-test At Risk/ Deficit Some Risk/ Emerging Low Risk/ Established Letter Naming Fluency (LNF) Initial Sound Fluency (ISF) Phoneme Segmentation The Acadience Reading K-6 assessments were designed to support students of varied backgrounds. Passages were written with names that represent diverse cultural, racial, and ethnic groups. Acadience Reading K-6 is appropriate for most students for whom an instructional goal is to learn to read in English. Descriptive Information. Acadience Reading (previously published under the DIBELS Next® mark ) is a screening and progress monitoring assessment used to measure early literacy and reading skills for students in grades K-6. The Acadience Reading screening measures are efficient indicators of recognized research-based foundational, or core ...DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency ORF < 83 83 <= ORF < 109 ORF >= 109 At risk Some risk Low risk ORF < 99 99 <= ORF < 120 ORF >= 120 At risk Some risk Low risk ORF < 104 104 <= ORF < 125 ORF >= 125 At risk Some risk Low risk. Page 5 Note: Goals and cutpoints for risk for Grades 4 through 6 are based on CBM normative information from 4th and 5th …A plywood weight chart displays the weights for different thicknesses of plywood. Such charts also give weights for plywood made from different materials and grades of material. To...DIBELS IN FIRST GRADE. Nonsense Words Assessment. Nonsense words are made up words that follow a CVC (consonant, vowel, consonant) or VC pattern. Nonsense word fluency measures a student's ability to decode individual phonemes (sounds), and then blend the sounds together to read words. There is a large body of evidence that supports the use of ... ….

9 May 2012 ... DIBELS to Lexile Conversion Chart - Download as a PDF or view online for free.dibels.uoregon.edu In most cases, a student scoring in a single risk category on all the individual subtests will score in the same category for the composite score; however, specific cases exist where the measure and composite colors may not align. 1. Green subtests with blue composite: Some students who score near the top of the greenTo calculate ZOGs, the two samples were combined for six. DIBELS 8 measures: Phonemic Segmentation Fluency, Nonsense Word Fluency, Word Reading. Fluency, Oral Reading Fluency, Maze, and the composite. Descriptions of, and technical details. regarding these measures are provided in the DIBELS 8 technical manual.Acadience® is a proprietary name referring to the work of Roland Good, Ruth Kaminski, and Acadience Learning Inc. (ALI). The intent of ALI is to make the current Acadience assessment tools and materials downloadable from this website available to schools, school districts, and multi-district agencies for the limited purposes, and on the terms, described …13 Apr 2012 ... DIBELS seems to be quite a mystery for many ... In this blog post, I will try to shed some light on what the "dreaded DIBELS ... color chart · Color&nbs...mCLASS is an all-in-one system for Science of Reading-based universal screening, dyslexia screening, and progress monitoring. Powered by DIBELS ® 8th Edition, mCLASS helps you measure and strengthen the foundational skills that all students need to become confident readers. Request a demo. The Benefits of mCLASS® - K–6 Literacy Assessment ...This packet includes 2 parts: the student response form and student stimulus materials. The student response forms are photocopied back to back and saddle stapled. The same form is used by each student for each benchmark assessment throughout the year. The second part is the reusable student stimulus materials.Have you ever come across a temperature conversion chart and wondered how it works? The C to F chart, also known as the Celsius to Fahrenheit chart, is a useful tool that allows yo...1+ 4– 9 10– 17 0 1 – 3 6 – 9 -- 0 0 – 5 DIBELS Composite Score 332+ 393+ 450+. 306– 331371– 392 420 – 449 280 – 305 356 – 370 406 – 419 200 – 279 200 – 355 200 – 405. Legend Blue goal = Core support; Negligible risk (nearly all students in this range score at or above the 40th percentile rank on criterion measure ...Descriptive Information. Acadience Reading (previously published under the DIBELS Next® mark ) is a screening and progress monitoring assessment used to measure early literacy and reading skills for students in grades K-6. The Acadience Reading screening measures are efficient indicators of recognized research-based foundational, or core ... Dibels chart, The Hasbrouck-Tindal oral reading fluency charts show the oral reading fluency norms of students as determined by data collected by Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal. Teachers can use these tables to draw conclusions and make decisions about the oral reading fluency of their students. (The 2017 chart shows oral reading fluency norms for students ..., The intent is to develop generalizable benchmark goals and cut points that are relevant and appropriate for a wide variety of reading outcomes, across a wide variety of states and regions, and for diverse groups of students. The principle vision for Acadience Reading K-6 is a step-by-step vision., Education Technology. 1 of 1. Download now. Download to read offline. DIBELS to Lexile Conversion Chart. 1. Linking DIBELS® Oral Reading Fluency with The Lexile Framework® for Reading Grade 1 Conversion Table ORF Reading Reported ORF Reading Reported ORF Reading Reported Count Lexile Count Lexile Count Lexile 0 BR …, dibels measures & progress monitoring graphs The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) consist of the following measures (as cited on their website): Initial Sounds Fluency (ISF, 6th Edition Only) measure is a standardized, individually administered measure of phonological awareness that assesses a child's ability to ... , Research Opportunity. View All. The DIBELS Data System enables districts and schools to enter and monitor student scores from DIBELS 8th Edition, DIBELS 6th edition, DIBELS …, PDF | On Jan 1, 2002, Roland H. Good and others published System-wide Percentile Ranks for DIBELS Benchmark Assessment | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate, DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency (DORF) is a measure of advanced phonics and word attack skills, accurate and fluent reading of connected text, and reading comprehension. The DORF passages and procedures are based on the program of research and development of Curriculum-Based Measurement of reading by Stan Deno, DIBELS Composite Score 370+ 421+ 469+ 335 – 369 394 – 420 449 – 468 313 – 334 380 – 393 436 – 448 200 – 312 200 – 379 200 – 435 Legend Blue goal = Core support; Negligible risk (nearly all students in this range score at or above the 40th percentile rank on criterion measure) Green range = Core support; Minimal risk, DIBELS 8th Edition was administered to 4,453 students in grades K – 8 in twenty-nine schools. Participating students came from throughout the country: all four census regions …, Additional information about the study can be found in DIBELS Next®1: Findings from the Benchmark Goals Study, available from www.acadiencelearning.org. 1 Acadience ® …, Tables and figures are each numbered separately, in the order they are referred to in your text. For example, the first table you refer to is Table 1; the fourth figure you refer to is Figure 4. The title should clearly and straightforwardly describe the content of the table or figure. Omit articles to keep it concise., Benchmark goals and cut points for risk for the DIBELS Composite Score are based on the same logic and procedures as the benchmark goals for the individual DIBELS measures. However, because the DIBELS Composite Score provides the best overall estimate of a student’s skills, the DIBELS Composite Score should generally be interpreted first., He scanned the chart and found the DIBELS assessments. He knew he needed to make sure they had been proven to be reliable and valid for monitoring the growth of students similar to Angelica; therefore, he examined the list for tools that had been proven to be reliable and valid for students with learning disabilities at a second-grade …, DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency (DORF) Words 23 Correct 16 78% Accuracy 68% Retell First Grade 32 82% 52 37 Retell Qualityof Response 55 96% 91 0/0 13 2 87 65 93% 27 18 86 68 96% 92% 26 18 100 80 940/0 30 20 14 90 70 96% 93% 27 14 10 103 79 940/0 30 20 17 12 115 95 98% 95% 33 24 24 20 111 96 980/0 95% 33 22 18 12 120 101 98% 96% 36 25 20 13 130 105, DIBELS Composite Score 361+ 423+ 474+ 329 – 360 389 – 422 439 – 473 316 – 328 373 – 388 421 – 438 200 – 315 200 – 372 200 – 420 Legend Blue goal = Core support; Negligible risk (nearly all students in this range score at or above the 40th percentile rank on …, Postage stamp charts are becoming increasingly popular among businesses, as they offer a convenient way to track postage costs and ensure that you’re always paying the correct amou..., This product is everything a grade 1-5 teacher needs to Progress Monitor Oral Reading Fluency! We have included very thorough instructions and ready to go assessment charts for teachers. Although we have provided filled-in benchmark scores for DIBELS Next measures, we have included blank charts for those who have different measures. This is …, Descriptive Information. Acadience Reading (previously published under the DIBELS Next® mark ) is a screening and progress monitoring assessment used to measure early literacy and reading skills for students in grades K-6. The Acadience Reading screening measures are efficient indicators of recognized research-based foundational, or core ..., better, DIBELS 8th Edition now extends all the way through eighth grade. That means you can screen and monitor student progress through the end of middle school. New and …, 392 441 377 424 376 423 200 200. M E Third grade. Available: https://dibels.uoregon.edu. DIBELS® 8th Edition Benchmark Goals Updated: July 2020. Fourth grade Fifth grade. B M E B M E Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) – Words Correct. 131+ 159+ 159+ 139+ 149+ 157+ 130 158 158 138 148 156., Assessment is an essential element of education used to inform instruction (Wren, 2004). The first step in implementing good reading instruction is to determine student baseline performance. Students enter the classroom with diverse backgrounds and skills in literacy . Some students may enter the classroom with special needs that require …, dibels.uoregon.edu. Understanding DIBELS®8th Edition Composite and Measure Scores. The new composite score used in DIBELS 8th Edition is the most robust predictor of risk that DIBELS has ever offered. It is superior to any one subtest in its reliability and in the accuracy of its predictors. As a result, we advise that schools use the ..., Hi-- I was wondering if you could tell me where you got the Dibels Weekly Growth Rate charts? Thanks! Reply. Miss Rae. 2/10/2024 02:45:24 pm. Hi Jara, Thanks ..., This page is adapted from a chart developed by Cache County School District. DIBELS Composite Score: A combination of multiple DIBELS scores, which provides the best overall estimate of the student’s reading proficiency. For information on how to calculate the composite score, see the DIBELS Next, Form B: Flexible Grouping Chart (DIBELS) Fill in student names to form needs-based flexible groups. Indicate student’s instructional level by his/her name (I-Intensive, S-Strategic, B-Benchmark). Sub-test At Risk/ Deficit Some Risk/ Emerging Low Risk/ Established Letter Naming Fluency (LNF) Initial Sound Fluency (ISF) Phoneme Segmentation, DIBELS began as Dynamic Indicators of Basic Skills (DIBS; Shinn, 1989, 1998). Inspired by Deno’s (1986) definition of curriculum-based measurement (CBM), DIBS, and DIBELS after it,, Sep 17, 2018 - What is DIBELS Next? DIBELS stands for “Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills”. DIBELS Next has retained the best of DIBELS, but has been updated to increase ease of use and accuracy of results. The testing is standardized and individualized. The tests are given in short, 1-minute fluency measures to monitor the …, Acadience (previously DIBELS Next) has been around much longer than DIBELS 8th. The DIBELS name was bought by University of Oregon, and they have since changed the testing materials. Voyager Sopris/Acadience maintain that their assessments have more research to support them, while DIBELS 8th has emerging research. Overall,, Using data from three widely-used commercially available ORF assessments (DIBELS, DIBELS Next, and easyCBM), a new set of compiled ORF norms for grade 1-6 are presented here along with an analysis of how they differ from the norms created in 2006. Full Citation: Hasbrouck, J. & Tindal, G. (2017). An update to compiled ORF norms …, B M E. Sixth grade. B M E. Seventh grade. B M E. Eighth grade. Legend. Blue goal = Core support; Negligible risk (nearly all students in this range score at or above the 40th percentile rank on criterion measure) Green range = Core support; Minimal risk Bold = the minimum score needed for core support (about 80% of students who score at or ..., The chart below shows how your child scored in rela on to the goal of each subtest and composite score. Below is a description of each part of the DIBELS assessment for reading screening. Letter Naming Fluency (Kindergarten and Grade 1 reports only) LNF measures a child’s ability to say the names of letters from a printed page., We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. , We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.