Gastrocnemius counterstrain

Apr 20, 2020 ... Strain-Counterstrain Technique · TRX. Hand ... Tightening, or contracture, of the gastrocnemius muscle can lead to what is called “start-up pain.”.

Gastrocnemius: CS Jones called this extension ankle point EXA. He called the ankle in plantar flexion to be in “hyperextension”. This technique works for tender points in either medial or lateral head of the gastrocnemius. Counterstrain Points on the Ankle ANKLE DYSFUNCTION - LATERAL (LAN)Proximal gastrocnemius Inferior musculoteninous regions of soleus Medial or lateral Achilles tendon (2-3cm superior to calcaneus) Associated with gastrocneumis and soleus Extension Ankle CounterstrainArticulatory Techniques for Carpal Bones Carpal Bone Spread Counterstrain for Calcaneus Tenderpoint Counterstrain for Gastrocnemius Tenderpoint Counterstrain for Lateral Epicondyle Tenderpoint Counterstrain for Medial Epicondyle Tenderpoint Muscle Energy for Radial Head Dysfunction Muscle Energy for Wrist Flexion and Extension Somatic ...Origin. Gastrocnemius originates as two heads from the femur. The medial head originates from the popliteal surface of the femoral shaft, and the posterior surface of the medial condyle. The lateral head originates from a facet on the upper lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur, where it joins the lateral supracondylar line.Gastrocnemius anatomy. Also known as "Tennis leg" Typical mechanism of injury is pushing off with foot on affected side; Clinical Features. Audible pop; Calf pain; Bruising; Swollen muscle body (generally in medial calf area) Calf Raise Test. Plantar flex the affected ankle. Patients with achilles tendon rupture will not be able to complete the ...Calf strains are commonly found in the medial head of the gastrocnemius, and the muscle as a whole is considered high risk because it crosses both the ankle and knee joints and has a high density ...The gastrocnemius muscle is a complex muscle that is fundamental for walking and posture. It affects the entire lower limb and the movement of the hip and the lumbar area. It is a muscular ...

The gastrocnemius, also known as the leg tricep, refers to the large muscle on the posterior calf of the leg. It is the leg's most superficial muscle and forms most of the calf muscle. Its name is derived from the Greek words “gaster”, meaning stomach or belly, and “kneme”, meaning leg. Together, the phrase refers to the belly of the ...Counterstrain is a technique used in osteopathic medicine, osteopathy, physical therapy, massage therapy, and chiropractic to treat somatic dysfunction. It is a system of diagnosis and treatment that uses tender points, which are produced by trauma, inflammation, postural strain, or disease, to identify structures to manipulate. The manipulation uses light …Strain-counterstrain (SCS), aka Counterstrain (CS), and Facilitated Positional Release (FPR) are two commonly used indirect oseomanipulative techniques. SCS is a soft tissue technique that passively treats musculoskeletal pain, impaired range of motion, and somatic dysfunction by influencing the cellular function of the tissues being treated.[2][3]Strain and Counterstrain (SCS) is a gentle soft tissue manipulation technique developed by Dr. Lawrence Jones D.O. over a 40 year period. This revolutionary technique, which is effective in treating pain, limitations in strength and range of motion, allows a therapist to painlessly "release" muscle and connective tissue spasm from all areas and systems of the human body.A gastrocnemius strain, commonly known as a calf strain, is a condition characterized by the stretching or tearing of the gastrocnemius muscle in the calf. It …Muscle Path: The gastrocnemius muscle is situated on the posterior side of the lower leg. As the muscle fibers descend, they converge and form a thick belly that extends from just above the knee joint to below the knee. The two heads of the gastrocnemius converge as they approach the knee, forming a well-defined muscle bulk.Strain-Counterstrain. MET: 5 Sekunden isometrische Kontraktion - Entspannung - Dehnung des Muskels. 5-malige Wiederholung, bzw. bis keine weitere Verlängerung erfolgt. Cave: Bei Knorpelchirurgie erst zum Ende der Phase, da hohe statische Komponenten auf den Knorpel wirken! Funktionsmassage

Origin: Femur Insertion: Calcaneus Artery: Sural arteries Nerve: Tibial nerve from the sciatic, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2 Action: Plantarflexion, flexion of knee (minor) Antagonist: Tibialis anterior muscle Description: The Gastrocnemius is the most superficial muscle, and forms the greater part of the calf. It arises by two heads, which are connected to the condyles of the femur by ...Module 1 is the foundational first step in the Counterstrain Mastery Program. It is a required course for all modules in the Mastery Program. The primary goal in Mod 1 is to introduce the entire cranial scan and impart clinical mastery of this phenomenal diagnostic tool. In most cases the entire 40 hour program is dedicated to the cranial scan. in the belly of the gastrocnemius just inferior to the popliteal fossa. EXA test vector. P => A. ... 9 - Thoracic Counterstrain. 40 terms. kourtney_rudzinski Plus. About SCS. Strain counterstrain is a manual massage technique for relieving musculoskeletal spasms and pain. A positional release technique, SCS was developed in 1981 by the osteopathic physician Dr. Lawrence Jones. It is a gentle and safe technique that relieves spinal or other joint pain by passively shortening the affected muscle areas.Try these science projects for kids on magnets and metal, and you'll learn about why the two attract. Make a paper clip chain, compasses and more. Advertisement Don't be surprised ...

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Gastrocnemius strains. Calf strains are most commonly found in the medial head of the gastrocnemius [].This injury was first described in 1883 in association with tennis and is commonly called tennis leg [].The classic presentation is of a middle-aged male tennis player who suddenly extends the knee with the foot in dorsiflexion, resulting in immediate pain, disability, and swelling.The gastrocnemius crosses the knee, ankle, and subtalar joints before inserting on the calcaneus. The gastrocnemius is thought to be more susceptible to injury compared with other leg muscles because of crossing the knee and ankle joints; nearly all calf muscle strain injuries involve the medial head. The medial head of gastrocnemius is larger ...M. gastrocnemius: The lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius muscle arise from the lateral and medial epicondyle of the femur, respectively. A sesamoid bone is present in each tendon of origin. The tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon) attaches to the tuber calcanei.. M. soleus: This thin muscle arises from the head of the fibula.Its tendon fuses with the gastrocnemius muscle.Running on hill. Forced push-off (jumping) IV. Pathophysiology. Proximal partial gastrocnemius-soleus Muscle tear. Affects medial head of Gastrocnemius. Localized to musculotendinous junction. V. Signs. Tenderness and swelling at medial gastrocnemius.

Store bought mums in full bloom are made for selling, not lasting, but here are some simple ways to make your flowering chrysanthemums last longer. Expert Advice On Improving Your ...The gastrocnemius crosses the knee, ankle, and subtalar joints before inserting on the calcaneus. The gastrocnemius is thought to be more susceptible to injury compared with other leg muscles because of crossing the knee and ankle joints; nearly all calf muscle strain injuries involve the medial head. The medial head of gastrocnemius is larger ...A space hotel is currently under development by a European firm called Galactic Suite Limited. Learn about the development of the world's first space hotel. Advertisement A new spa...Gastrocnemius. The gastrocnemius muscle is a muscle located on the back portion of the lower leg, being one of the two major muscles that make up the calf. The other major calf muscle, the soleus ...Cervical spine counterstain is a manual therapy technique used to treat chronic pain and dysfunction of the cervical neck region. It is based on the theory that chronic pain and dysfunction can be caused by dysfunctional muscle tone in the neck and upper back muscles. It is used to treat various conditions, including chronic neck pain, upper ...Lumbar Counterstrain . The lumbar spine has five anterior tender points and five posterior tender points. The tender points are named for the lumbar vertebra with which they correspond. Counterstrain is an indirect technique in which the practitioner places the patient away from the restrictive barrier. The basic procedure for all counterstrain ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Muscle Energy: Hamstrings, Muscle Energy: Quads and Iliopsoas, Counterstrain: Gluteus Medius and more.Gastrocnemius. Named after the stomach/belly of the leg. This is a two-headed, two-joint muscle found in the posterior compartment of the leg. It acts on both the knee and the ankle joints, however cannot do so at the same time. Gastrocnemius and soleus forms the triceps surae, a uniquely human muscle complex resultant from upright/bipedal gait ...Your soleus muscle is one of two muscles in your calf, located beneath and below the other larger calf muscle, the gastrocnemius. The gastrocnemius muscle is more prone to strain, due to its high proportion of fast twitch muscles, which contract quickly and generate a lot of power.However, even with its abundance of slow twitch fibers, the soleus muscle can suffer a strain.Abstract. Background: The importance of isolated gastrocnemius contracture in disorders of the foot and ankle has been established in recent years. The aim of this study was to describe the proximal anatomical approach to the medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius and to compare the sizes of the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius. A medial gastrocnemius strain (MGS), also sometimes called “tennis leg”, is an injury to the calf muscle in the back of the leg. It occurs when the calf muscle is stretched too far resulting in a partial or total tear or rupture within the muscle. Basically, the calf is made of three major muscles; the medial and lateral gastrocnemius and ... In this tutorial, we focus on the anatomy of the gastrocnemius muscle. Using our 3D anatomy model we guide you through the anatomy of the gastrocnemius muscl...

Gastrocnemius heads and soleus were palpated to investigate location and length of tenderness. While it was generally accepted that adjusting the knee position during objective testing could help differentiate soleus (knee flexed) vs gastrocnemius (knee extended) involvement (Table (Table1), 1 ), experts also highlighted this diagnostic ...

Jul 29, 2020 ... Gastrocnemius Calf Injury and Strain | Expert Explains Mechanism Of Injury and Rehab Plan. Clinical Physio•119K views · 9:30. Go to channel ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like possible dysfunctions of glenohumeral joint, possible dysfunctions of clavicle, possible dysfunctions of sternoclavicular joint and more.The gastrocnemius muscle is a complex muscle that is fundamentally involved in walking and posture. It affects the entire lower limb and the movement of the hip and the lumbar area. It is a muscular district called to work during daily and sports activities and maintain orthostatism. This article reviews the anatomical and functional information of the gastrocnemius muscle and its ...Do you seem to strain your calves over and over again? If you haven't found relief with regular calf strain rehab exercises, it might be because you're doing...Aug 1, 2023 · Understand Osteopathic Positional Release / Strain Counter Strain Techniques and how to apply them in clinical practice - access a free online diploma course... Detonification of the piriformis and lateral gastrocnemius muscle Counterstrain to the psoas: Side lying: Upper trunk rotation and lower trunk rotation Isometric hip abduction …Differentiating between gastrocnemius and soleus length within a clinical setting can be challenging. A weight bearing measurement may have more functional carry over than standard non-weightbearing goniometric measurements. We are presenting this test based on normative range of movement data and standardising the testing position and biomechanically controlling form i.e. movement ...Gastrocnemius aponeurotic recession is the surgical treatment for symptomatic gastrocnemius contracture. Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession procedures has been developed recently and reported to have fewer complications and better cosmetic outcomes. Classically, this is performed at the aponeurosis distal to the gastrocnemius muscle attachment. We describe an alternative endoscopic approach in ...The gastrocnemius is a muscle within the superficial compartment of the posterior leg. It has medial and lateral heads and forms the characteristic “calf” shape of the leg. The lateral head originates from the lateral femoral condyle. The medial head originates from the medial femoral condyle. The two heads combine to form a single muscle ...

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Learn the history of Counterstrain as told by Randall Kusunose, PT, OCS, JSCCI, founder of The Jones Institute. This introductory video is part 1 of a 7-part...2.2 Strain and Counterstrain for Pelvic Pain Randall S. Kusunose Introduction The gentle and atraumatic nature of the strain and counterstrain (SCS) techniques establishes it as a safe and effective primary mode of intervention in the treatment of painful hypertonic pelvic floor muscles and the joints they influence. Pelvic …Strain and Counterstrain (SCS) is a gentle soft tissue manipulation technique developed by Dr. Lawrence Jones D.O. over a 40 year period. This revolutionary technique, which is effective in treating pain, limitations in strength and range of motion, allows a therapist to painlessly "release" muscle and connective tissue spasm from all areas and systems of the human body.The main function of the gastrocnemius muscle is to plantarflex the ankle joint. This is an important action for ballet dancers when standing on point. The gastrocnemius muscle also acts on the knee joint and is responsible for flexion of the leg at the knee joint. This is an important function and is used when jumping.Counterstrain is an indirect and passive osteopathic manipulative technique that places the patient in a position of ease to relieve pain at a tender point. It is based on the theory that pain is caused by muscle tension and restricted movement in the body. Counterstrain seeks to relieve pain and tension by releasing these restrictions.Differentiating between gastrocnemius and soleus length within a clinical setting can be challenging. A weight bearing measurement may have more functional carry over than standard non-weightbearing goniometric measurements. We are presenting this test based on normative range of movement data and standardising the testing position and biomechanically controlling form i.e. movement ...OPP Counterstrain Points. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Term. 1 / 45. PL3 and PL4. Click the card to flip 👆 ...The lateral rotator group is a group of six small muscles of the hip which all externally (laterally) rotate the femur in the hip joint.It consists of the following muscles: piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris and the obturator externus. All muscles in the lateral rotator group originate from the hip bone and insert …Feb 25, 2016 · In this video I explore the different methods to work the tibialis anterior muscle - one of the main muscles involved in ... drum roll ... SHIN SPLINTS. Help... Abstract. This study examined the reliability and validity of a tender-point palpation scale (TPPS) and the effect of Strain Counterstrain (SCS) on painful tender-points (TP). The experimental ...Gastrocnemius anatomy. Also known as "Tennis leg" Typical mechanism of injury is pushing off with foot on affected side; Clinical Features. Audible pop; Calf pain; Bruising; Swollen muscle body (generally in medial calf area) Calf Raise Test. Plantar flex the affected ankle. Patients with achilles tendon rupture will not be able to complete the ...Summary. Pelvic counterstrain is a technique used in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) and physical therapy to alleviate pain and dysfunction in the pelvis. It is based on the principle that certain structures in the pelvis, such as the muscles and ligaments, can become restricted in their movement and function, leading to pain and ... ….

Abstract: Strain-Counterstrain (S-CS) is a manipulative technique routinely used by manual. practitioners to treat somatic dysfunction. However, no peer-reviewed …장딴지근 (비복근, gastrocnemius)은 종아리 뒤칸에서 가장 얕은 근육이며 장딴지 (비복, calf)의 튀어나온 부위에 있다. 2개의 갈래가 있는 방추형 (fusiform)의 근육으로 2개의 관절을 지나며, 안쪽갈래가 가쪽갈래보다 더 크고 더 먼쪽으로 뻗는다. 2개의 갈래는 다리 ...Counterstrain is a type of osteopathic manipulative treatment commonly used by osteopathic physicians throughout the United States and by osteopaths around the world. Developed by Larry Jones DO in the 1950's counterstrain osteopathic manipulative treatment focuses on the diagnosis on discrete myofascial tender points and treatment using ...May 23, 2009 · The gastrocnemius is considered at high risk for strains because it crosses two joints (the knee and ankle) and has a high density of type two fast twitch muscle fibers [2, 4, 5, 7]. The combination of biarthrodial architecture leading to excessive stretch and rapid forceful contraction of type two muscle fibers results in strain. Summary. Pelvic counterstrain is a technique used in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) and physical therapy to alleviate pain and dysfunction in the pelvis. It is based on the principle that certain structures in the pelvis, such as the muscles and ligaments, can become restricted in their movement and function, leading to pain and ...gastrocnemius, ME to the quadriceps and hamstrings •Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: OpponensRoll,MFR, Interosseus membrane BLT •Visual Changes / Migraines: CV4, OA Release, Cervical CS, soft tissue techniques. Venous Sinus Drainagecan be performed if time and physician skill allows A Clinician's Guide to Osteopathic Manipulative TechniquesFor special tests look at the previous HERP quizlet Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.–– Strain-Counterstrain –– MET: 5 Sekunden isometrische Kon-traktion – Entspannung – Dehnung des Muskels. 5-malige Wiederholung, bzw. bis keine weitere Verlängerung er-folgt –– Funktionsmassage Im Anschluss eventuell Dehnung der verkürzten Strukturen (Dehnposition mindestens eine Mi-nute halten).Windows only: When you want to manage your PC's processes, startup items, network connections, windows, tasks, open files, and installed software, you can do that all using the fre...The gastrocnemius is a muscle within the superficial compartment of the posterior leg. It has medial and lateral heads and forms the characteristic "calf" shape of the leg. The lateral head originates from the lateral femoral condyle. The medial head originates from the medial femoral condyle. The two heads combine to form a single muscle ... Gastrocnemius counterstrain, The gastrocnemius muscle consists of 2 heads. The medial head originates from the posterior medial femoral condyle while the lateral head arises from the posterior lateral femoral condyle. The gastrocnemius muscle is vulnerable to injury because it crosses 3 joints: the knee, the ankle, and the subtalar joint.[1][2] The medial and lateral …, mf/ 7.10.18. Equinus contractures are the inability to bring the foot up to a neutral position (a right angle to the lower leg) due to either tightness of the muscles and/or tendons in the calf, scarring of the ankle joint capsule and other restraining structures, or a bone spur at the front of the ankle that restricts normal ankle motion., The gastrocnemius is a muscle within the superficial compartment of the posterior leg. It has medial and lateral heads and forms the characteristic "calf" shape of the leg. The lateral head originates from the lateral femoral condyle. The medial head originates from the medial femoral condyle. The two heads combine to form a single muscle ..., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like PL1-PL5 spinous process, Quadratus lumborum, Anterior Pelvic Counterstrain - Iliacus and more., Thus a study was conducted to determine the effect of strain -counterstrain in plantar fasciitis. Methods: 30 individuals aged between 18-35 years both male and female with plantar fasciitis were ..., The gastrocnemius muscle is a muscle of the superficial group of the posterior muscles of the calf, and it runs from the knee to heel. Location The gastrocnemius muscle is part of the triceps surae (three-headed calf muscle), which is created from gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. Both of these muscles are strong and big, especially., This study examined the reliability and validity of a tender-point palpation scale (TPPS) and the effect of Strain Counterstrain (SCS) on painful tender-points (TP). The experimental design ..., The general steps for COUNTERSTRAIN TECHNIQUES. a. Find a tender spot and palpate for a “10/10” pain. b. Rotate the leg/muscle such that its’ belly shortens and pain decreases to 3/10 at least. c. Then hold there for 90 seconds. d. Passively reposition and reassess., Positional release technique (PRT), formerly known as strain-counterstrain, is an osteopathic manual therapy technique that aims to improve muscle flexibility by keeping the muscle in a shortened position to promote relaxation of muscle in contrast to placing the muscle in a lengthened or stretched position., The gastrocnemious, hamstrings, iliopsoas, quadriceps and gluteal muscles are all used to generate the kicking motion. There are two distinct phases to the kicking action, the prep..., Bailey 86 later refined the theory by suggesting that an inappropriate high "gainset" of the muscle spindle (see Chapter 3) resulted in changes characteristic of somatic dysfunction. 87 Thus, the techniques of strain-counterstrain appear to serve to effect the muscle spindle-γ loop, by allowing the extrafusal muscle fibers to lengthen ..., Dec 17, 2018 · Trigger points in the calf muscles are common. Muscle energy techniques are often applied in conjunction with pressure and massage treatment. The gastrocnemi... , Strain-Counterstrain (S-CS) is a manipulative technique routinely used by manual. practitioners to treat somatic dysfunction. However, no peer-reviewed literature to support or. refute its use has ..., Register for CSA 1. Module 1 is the foundational first step in the Counterstrain Mastery Program. It is a required course for all modules in the Mastery Program. The primary goal in Mod 1 is to introduce the entire cranial scan and impart clinical mastery of this phenomenal diagnostic tool. In most cases the entire 40 hour program is dedicated ..., Positional release technique (PRT), formerly known as strain-counterstrain, is an osteopathic manual therapy technique that aims to improve muscle flexibility by keeping the muscle in a shortened position to promote relaxation of muscle in contrast to placing the muscle in a lengthened or stretched position. ... and origin of gastrocnemius with ..., Visceral: The visceral course, dating back to 2008, is where Fascial Counterstrain really began its recent expansion process. This is the course that eventually led to the development of each successive system, and its the course that brought Fascial Counterstrain back to life. It includes all of the tenderpoints from the 3-day seminar, and ..., You and your partner, married or just living together, can each get Social Security and/or Supplemental Security Income benefits. There are different sets of eligibility rules for ..., Gastrocnemius recession was associated with significant postoperative improvements in various foot and ankle outcome scores, ankle range of motion and power, reduction in pain, and a relatively quick return to weightbearing, work, and sports. Minor complications may occur in approximately 1/10th of patients and caution should be taken …, INTRODUCTION. The gastrocnemius flaps are one of the most versatile and useful flaps in lower extremity reconstruction. 1 Conventionally, they can be harvested as the proximally based medial gastrocnemius muscle or musculocutaneous flaps, proximally based lateral gastrocnemius muscle or musculocutaneous flaps for coverage of the knee and upper third tibia defects. 2 They can also be harvested ..., Calf strains are commonly found in the medial head of the gastrocnemius, and the muscle as a whole is considered high risk because it crosses both the ankle and knee joints and has a high density ..., Please Note: We will be down for maintenance starting May 5th 12:00 AM EDT and ending on May 5th 06:00 AM EDT. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause., Lewis C, Souvlis T, Sterling M , Strain-Counterstrain therapy combined with exercise is not more effective than exercise alone on pain and disability in people with acute low back pain: a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 57: 91–98 (2011) Simons, D.G., Travell, J., Simons, L.S., Myofascial Pain and Disfunction. The Trigger Point Manual., Strain Counterstrain is a manual therapy technique, meaning clinicians use only their hands for treatment of muscle and joint pain. It uses passive body positioning of hypertonic (spasmed) muscles and dysfunctional joints toward positions of comfort or tissue ease that compress or shorten the offending muscle. The purpose of movement toward ..., A Complete 3D Model. Vector based 3D model renders in exquisite detail at 4K resolutions on your desktop, and fills the native display of your iOS or Android device with a beautiful rendering of skeletal anatomy, a complete muscular layer and the entire nervous system. All layers can be toggled on and off with a simple click., Fascial Counterstrain is an effective intervention. FASCIAL COUNTERSTRAIN TREATMENT The cranial scan tells us what structures are most involved and perhaps influential this pathology. Failure of the disc due to dehydration points to a compromised circulatory system supplying the spine, spinal cord, nerves and disc and joint cartilage. We are ..., A medial calf injury is a musculotendinous disruption of varying degrees in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle that results from an acute, forceful push-off with the foot. This injury occurs commonly in sports activities (eg, hill running, jumping, tennis), but it can occur in any activity., Supraspinatus Counterstrain. F Abd ER. Levator scapulae counterstrain. IR Abd traction. Subscapularis. E IR ..., Strain-counterstrain (SCS) of the cervical vertebrae is an indirect technique utilized primarily by osteopathic physicians for the treatment of neck pain and other somatic dysfunctions within the cervical region. Considering at least half of all individuals experience neck pain at some point in their life, SCS is regarded as a gentle and ..., OVERVIEW. Touch has always been and continues to be a primary healing modality. The first written records of massage go back to Ancient China, and wall paintings in Egypt depict hands-on healing techniques that go back 15,000 years. 1 From this early “laying on of hands” evolved many of the techniques used today. The techniques of MT …, Strain Counterstrain. Strain Counterstrain technique it's an osteopathic manual approach, which consists in a passive procedure that places the body in a position of great comfort, which is a mild overstretching applied in a direction opposite to the false and continuing message of strain. This passive position will relieve pain and dysfunction ..., The soleus muscle is located behind the gastrocnemius muscle, in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. It is a large and flat muscle. Unlike gastrocnemius, the soleus consists of a single muscle head, which is very large at the level of its origin. It originates from the back of the fibula head and from an oblique bone crest located ..., counterstrain diagnosis and treatment, and in some cases those texts used different names to refer to the same tender point location. When different names were used to indicate the same point, such as extension ankle tender point1(p761),17(pp92,96,98),19(pp73,78) and gastrocnemius tender point, Clinicians should use plantar fascia-specific and gastrocnemius/soleus stretching to provide short- and long-term pain reduction, as well as to improve short- and long-term function and disability. ... (MFR), myofascial trigger point (MTrP) therapy, muscle energy, and strain/counterstrain techniques. Massage is a general term referring to ...