Rectangular to spherical equation calculator

Spherical Integral Calculator. This widget will evaluate a spherical integral. If you have Cartesian coordinates, convert them and multiply by rho^2sin (phi). To Covert: x=rhosin (phi)cos (theta) y=rhosin (phi)sin (theta) z=rhosin (phi) Get the free "Spherical Integral Calculator" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle.

Rectangular to spherical equation calculator. Completing the square method is a technique for find the solutions of a quadratic equation of the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0. This method involves completing the square of the quadratic expression to the form (x + d)^2 = e, where d and e are constants.

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The maximum height of a projectile is calculated with the equation h = vy^2/2g, where g is the gravitational acceleration on Earth, 9.81 meters per second, h is the maximum height ...Convert the polar equation. R = 4 sin t. to rectangular form. Solution to Problem 1 We multiply both sides by R. R = 4 sin t. R 2 = 4 R sin t. We now use the relationship between polar and rectangular coordinates: R 2 = x 2 + y 2 and y = R sin t to rewrite the equation as follows: x 2 + y 2 = 4 y. x 2 + y 2 - 4 y = 0.Our hydrostatic pressure calculator uses the below hydrostatic pressure formula: p = \rho × g × h + p_0 p = ρ× g ×h+p0. where: = 1 atm = 1,013.25 hPa ). The above formula for hydrostatic pressure determines buoyancy force, which was discovered for the first time by an ancient inventor — Archimedes. See our buoyancy calculator for more ...represents an ellipsoid centered at the origin in Cartesian coordinates. To express this equation in cylindrical coordinates, you can substitute x x and y y with their equivalent cylindrical coordinates, r ⋅ cos(θ) r ⋅ cos. ( θ), respectively. The equation becomes: ( θ)) 2 + 4 z 2 = 10. r2 + 4z2 = 10. r 2 + 4 z 2 = 10.Example 1 Perform each of the following conversions. Convert the point (√6, π 4,√2) ( 6, π 4, 2) from cylindrical to spherical coordinates. Convert the point …

From Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z) ( x, y, z), the base / referential change to spherical coordinates (ρ,θ,φ) ( ρ, θ, φ) follows the equations: ρ= √x2+y2+z2 θ= arccos( z √x2+y2+z2)=arccos(z ρ) φ=arctan(y x) ρ = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 θ = arccos. ( z x 2 + y 2 + z 2) = arccos. ( z ρ) φ = arctan.Solution. Convert the following equation written in Cartesian coordinates into an equation in Spherical coordinates. x2 +y2 =4x+z−2 x 2 + y 2 = 4 x + z − 2 Solution. For problems 5 & 6 convert the equation written in Spherical coordinates into an equation in Cartesian coordinates. ρ2 =3 −cosφ ρ 2 = 3 − cos. ⁡.To solve a trigonometric simplify the equation using trigonometric identities. Then, write the equation in a standard form, and isolate the variable using algebraic manipulation to solve for the variable. Use inverse trigonometric functions to find the solutions, and check for extraneous solutions.To convert your Cartesian coordinates to spherical coordinates, follow these steps: Enter the x-coordinate of your point in the designated field. Enter the y-coordinate of your point in the designated field. Enter the z-coordinate of your point in the designated field. Click the “Convert” button to see the corresponding spherical coordinates.How to Use the Rectangular to Spherical Coordinates Calculator. Our calculator is designed to make the conversion process as simple as possible. To use the calculator, all you need to do is enter the x, y, and z coordinates of the point in the designated fields. Once you’ve entered the values, click the ‘Calculate’ button, and the ...An equation can be graphed in the plane by creating a table of values and plotting points. See Example. Using a graphing calculator or a computer program makes graphing equations faster and more accurate. Equations usually have to be entered in the form \(y=\)_____. See Example. Finding the \(x\)- and \(y\)-intercepts can define the graph of a ...

To calculate the cartesian coordinates from the polar coordinates, make sure to know: The distance from the point to pole r; and; The angle relative to the polar axis θ. Then, to find the corresponding cartesian coordinates, apply the following equations: x = r × cos(θ); y = r × sin(θ).Conversion between Rectangular and Spherical Coordinates. The following equations define the relationships between rectangular coordinates and the (az,el,R) representation used in Phased Array System Toolbox software. To convert rectangular coordinates to (az,el,R):Deriving the Curl in Cylindrical. We know that, the curl of a vector field A is given as, \nabla\times\overrightarrow A ∇× A. Here ∇ is the del operator and A is the vector field. If I take the del operator in cylindrical and cross it with A written in cylindrical then I would get the curl formula in cylindrical coordinate system.A common procedure when operating on 3D objects is the conversion between spherical and Cartesian co-ordinate systems. This is a rather simple operation however it often results in some confusion. The spherical coordinates system defines a point in 3D space using three parameters, which may be described as follows:In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position of a given point in space is specified by three numbers, ( r, θ, φ ): the radial distance of the radial line r connecting the point to the fixed point of origin (which is located on a fixed polar axis, or zenith direction axis ...Our surface area calculator can find the surface area of seven different solids. The formula depends on the type of solid. Surface area of a sphere: A = 4πr², where r stands for the radius of the sphere. Surface area of a cube: A = 6a², where a is the side length. Surface area of a cylinder: A = 2πr² + 2πrh, where r is the radius and h is the height of the cylinder.

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Explore math with our beautiful, free online graphing calculator. Graph functions, plot points, visualize algebraic equations, add sliders, animate graphs, and more. 3D Grapher for Spherical Coordinates simplify | DesmosThis process also identifies a “polar rectangle” \([r_1, r_2] \times [\theta_1, \theta_2]\) with the original Cartesian rectangle, under the transformation 1 in Equation \ref{eq_11_9_pol_to_rect}. The vertices of the polar rectangle are transformed into the vertices of a closed and bounded region in rectangular coordinates.Works across all devices. Use our algebra calculator at home with the MathPapa website, or on the go with MathPapa mobile app. Download mobile versions. Great app! Just punch in your equation and it calculates the answer. Not only that, this app also gives you a step by step explanation on how to reach the answer!An example of how to convert from Cartesian coordinates to Spherical coordinates using formulas derived in a previous video. IMO, its harder to convert from...Equations Inequalities Scientific Calculator Scientific Notation Arithmetics Complex Numbers Polar/Cartesian Simultaneous Equations System of Inequalities Polynomials Rationales Functions Arithmetic & Comp. Coordinate Geometry ... Symbolab is the best integral calculator solving indefinite integrals, definite integrals, improper integrals ...

The procedure to use polar to rectangular calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the polar coordinate values in the respective input field. Step 2: Now click the button "Calculate Rectangular Coordinates" to get the result. Step 3: Finally, the conversion of polar to rectangular coordinate will be displayed in the output field.To calculate the scalar products above, it is best to sketch the unit vectors of the spherical system against the basis of the Cartesian unit vectors. You will get, for instance $$\hat{e_r}\cdot\hat{e_x} = \sin\theta\cos\phi$$ and so on for each component.C = circumference. π = pi = 3.1415926535898. √ = square root. This online calculator will calculate the 3 unknown values of a sphere given any 1 known variable including radius r, surface area A, volume V and circumference C. It will also give the answers for volume, surface area and circumference in terms of PI π.Find an equation in rectangular coordinates for the equation given in spherical coordinates: ϕ = π/6 ϕ = π / 6. Equation must be such that z ≥ 0 z ≥ 0. Here is what I did: and since z must be greater than or equal to zero:Precalculus. Convert to Rectangular Coordinates (2,270) (2,270) ( 2, 270) Use the conversion formulas to convert from polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates. x = rcosθ x = r c o s θ. y = rsinθ y = r s i n θ. Substitute in the known values of r = 2 r = 2 and θ = 270 θ = 270 into the formulas. x = (2)cos(270) x = ( 2) cos ( 270)Convert spherical to cylindrical coordinates using a calculator. Using Fig.1 below, the trigonometric ratios and Pythagorean theorem, it can be shown that the relationships between spherical coordinates (ρ,θ,ϕ) ( ρ, θ, ϕ) and cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) ( r, θ, z) are as follows: r = ρsinϕ r = ρ sin. ⁡. ϕ , θ = θ θ = θ , z ...Equations Inequalities Scientific Calculator Scientific Notation Arithmetics Complex Numbers Polar/Cartesian Simultaneous Equations System of Inequalities Polynomials Rationales Functions Arithmetic & Comp. Coordinate Geometry Plane Geometry Solid Geometry Conic Sections Trigonometry. ... rectangular equation. en. Related Symbolab blog posts ...1. Calculate the Radial Distance r r: It is the distance from the origin to the point. It can be found using the Pythagorean theorem: r = √x2+y2+z2 r = x 2 + y 2 + z 2. 2. Calculate the Polar Angle θ θ: It is measured from the positive x-axis. The tangent of this angle is the ratio of y y to x x, and it can be found using the arctangent ...

The calculator converts spherical coordinate value to cartesian or cylindrical one.

Explore math with our beautiful, free online graphing calculator. Graph functions, plot points, visualize algebraic equations, add sliders, animate graphs, and more. 3D Grapher for Spherical Coordinates simplify | DesmosRectangular and Cylindrical Coordinates. Convert rectangular to cylindrical coordinates using a calculator. It can be shown that the rectangular rectangular coordinates (x,y,z) ( x, y, z) and cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) ( r, θ, z) in Fig.1 are related as follows: x = rcosθ x = r cos. ⁡. θ , y = rsinθ y = r sin. ⁡.Equations Inequalities Scientific Calculator Scientific Notation Arithmetics Complex Numbers Polar/Cartesian Simultaneous Equations System of Inequalities Polynomials Rationales Functions Arithmetic & Comp. Coordinate Geometry Plane Geometry Solid Geometry Conic Sections ... Calculate equations, inequatlities, line equation and system of ...Cylindrical coordinates are useful in problems that involve symmetry about an axis, and the z-axis is chosen to coincide with this axis of symmetry. For instance, the circular cylinder axis with Cartesian equation x 2 + y 2 = c 2 is the z-axis. In cylindrical coordinates, the cylinder has the straightforward equation r = c.Jul 22, 2014 ... This video explains how to convert rectangular coordinates to cylindrical coordinates. Site: http ... Ex 2: Convert Spherical Coordinates to ... Use Calculator to Convert Rectangular to Spherical Coordinates. 1 - Enter x x, y y and z z and press the button "Convert". You may also change the number of decimal places as needed; it has to be a positive integer. The angles θ θ and ϕ ϕ are given in radians and degrees. (x,y,z) ( x, y, z) = (. 1. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: Write the equation √ (3)z=√ (x^2+y^2) in spherical coordinates. (Simplify as much as possible). When typing your answers use "rh" for ρ, "th" for θ, and "phph" for ϕ. Write the equation √ (3)z=√ (x^2+y^2) in spherical coordinates.I have been taught how to derive the gradient operator in spherical coordinate using this theorem. →∇ = ˆx ∂ ∂x + ˆy ∂ ∂y + ˆz ∂ ∂z = aˆr ∂ ∂r + bˆθ ∂ ∂θ + cˆϕ ∂ ∂ϕ. where a, b, c can be found using this 2 step method. Derive the holonomic spherical bases by applying the chain rule.This calculator can be used to convert 2-dimensional (2D) or 3-dimensional cartesian coordinates to its equivalent cylindrical coordinates. If desired to convert a 2D cartesian coordinate, then the user just enters values into the X and Y form fields and leaves the 3rd field, the Z field, blank. Z will will then have a value of 0.

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To convert your Cartesian coordinates to spherical coordinates, follow these steps: Enter the x-coordinate of your point in the designated field. Enter the y-coordinate of your point in the designated field. Enter the z-coordinate of your point in the designated field. Click the "Convert" button to see the corresponding spherical coordinates.Spherical Integral Calculator. This widget will evaluate a spherical integral. If you have Cartesian coordinates, convert them and multiply by rho^2sin (phi). To Covert: x=rhosin (phi)cos (theta) y=rhosin (phi)sin (theta) z=rhosin (phi) Get the free "Spherical Integral Calculator" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle.Free calculus calculator - calculate limits, integrals, derivatives and series step-by-step ... Equations Inequalities Scientific Calculator Scientific Notation Arithmetics Complex Numbers Polar/Cartesian Simultaneous Equations System of Inequalities Polynomials Rationales Functions Arithmetic & Comp. Coordinate Geometry Plane Geometry Solid ...How do we convert the Laplacian from Cartesian coordinates to spherical polar coordinates? There is literally no derivation given in my book as to how it came. ... Recall that Laplace's equation in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ in terms of the usual ... (similar) calculations, hope tot may be helpful. $\endgroup$ – Son Gohan. May 22, 2021 at 10:22 ...To do it, simply polar coordinate calculator use the following polar equation to rectangular: $$ x = r * cos θ y = r * sin θ $$ The value y/x is the slope of the line that joining the pole and the arbitrary point. Example: Convert (r, θ) = (2, 9) to Cartesian coordinates. Solution: To convert this the polar to rectangular calculator use the ...These are the formulas that allow us to convert from spherical to cylindrical coordinates. Now, we can use the cylindrical to Cartesian coordinate transformation formulas: x=r~\cos (\theta) x = r cos(θ) y=r~\sin (\theta) y = r sin(θ) z=z~~~~~ z = z. Using these two sets of equations, we can obtain the transformation formulas from spherical to ...A dehumidifier draws humidity out of the air. Find out how a dehumidifier works. Advertisement If you live close to the equator or near a coastal region, you probably hear your loc...Cartesian coordinates \((x, y, z)\) are straightforward and are often the first system students learn. Spherical coordinates \((r, \theta, \phi)\), on the other hand, are particularly useful when dealing with problems that have spherical symmetry. In this article, we will focus on converting points from spherical to Cartesian coordinates. ….

The hoop stress equation for thin shells is also approximately valid for spherical vessels, including plant cells and bacteria in which the internal turgor pressure may reach several atmospheres. Inch-pound-second system (IPS) units for P are pounds-force per square inch (psi).Note: Calculators may give the wrong value of tan-1 () when x or y are negative ... see below for more. To Convert from Polar to Cartesian. When we know a point in Polar Coordinates (r, θ), and we want it in Cartesian Coordinates (x,y) we solve a right triangle with a known long side and angle:Get the free "Parametric equation solver and plotter" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle. Find more Mathematics widgets in Wolfram|Alpha.This video explains how to convert a rectangular equation (sphere) to a spherical equation.http://mathispower4u.comCompute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. For math, science, nutrition, history ...Solution. Convert the following equation written in Cartesian coordinates into an equation in Spherical coordinates. x2 +y2 =4x+z−2 x 2 + y 2 = 4 x + z − 2 Solution. For problems 5 & 6 convert the equation written in Spherical coordinates into an equation in Cartesian coordinates. ρ2 =3 −cosφ ρ 2 = 3 − cos. ⁡.Free equations calculator - solve linear, quadratic, polynomial, radical, exponential and logarithmic equations with all the steps. Type in any equation to get the solution, steps and graphSpherical coordinates, also called spherical polar coordinates (Walton 1967, Arfken 1985), are a system of curvilinear coordinates that are natural for describing positions on a sphere or spheroid. Define theta to be the azimuthal angle in the xy-plane from the x-axis with 0<=theta<2pi (denoted lambda when referred to as the longitude), phi to be the polar angle (also known as the zenith angle ...Use Calculator to Convert Rectangular to Spherical Coordinates. 1 - Enter x x, y y and z z and press the button "Convert". You may also change the number of decimal places as needed; it has to be a positive integer. The angles θ θ and ϕ ϕ are given in radians and degrees. (x,y,z) ( x, y, z) = (. 1.Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. For math, science, nutrition, history ... Rectangular to spherical equation calculator, Spherical coordinates can be a little challenging to understand at first. Spherical coordinates determine the position of a point in three-dimensional space based on the distance ρ from the origin and two angles θ and ϕ. If one is familiar with polar coordinates, then the angle θ isn't too difficult to understand as it is essentially the ... , Adam McCann, WalletHub Financial WriterAug 15, 2022 Deciding on a place to call home can be a tough process. You’ll need to balance things like the cost of living with job opportun..., The examples below will demonstrate how to perform polar to rectangular and rectangular to polar conversions using the TI-Nspire family handhelds. Example: Convert the rectangular coordinates [1, 3] into polar form. 1) Press [home]. 2) Press 1: New Document and 1: Add Calculator to insert a new calculator page. 3) Press [ctrl] [ ( ]., To find the volume of a box, simply multiply length, width, and height — and you're good to go! For example, if a box is 5×7×2 cm, then the volume of a box is 70 cubic centimeters. For dimensions that are relatively small whole numbers, calculating volume by hand is easy., To solve a trigonometric simplify the equation using trigonometric identities. Then, write the equation in a standard form, and isolate the variable using algebraic manipulation to solve for the variable. Use inverse trigonometric functions to find the solutions, and check for extraneous solutions., The Equation of a Sphere Calculator works by taking in the inputs and calculating the radius and the center value between the sphere. The following Equation of a Sphere is used to calculate the radius and center value of the sphere: x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = r 2. Where: x, y, z = the coordinates of the sphere. r = radius of the sphere., Use Calculator to Convert Spherical to Rectangular Coordinates. 1 - Enter ρ ρ , θ θ and ϕ ϕ, selecting the desired units for the angles, and press the button "Convert". You may also change the number of decimal places as needed; it has to be a positive integer. ρ = ρ =., Spherical to Cartesian. The first thing we could look at is the top triangle. $\phi$ = the angle in the top right of the triangle. So $\rho\cos(\phi) = z$ Now, we have to look at the bottom triangle to get x and y. In order to do that, though, we have to get r, which equals $ \rho\sin(\phi)$., Find an equation in rectangular coordinates for the spherical equation. θ = π 4. Here's the best way to solve it. Powered by Chegg AI. Share Share., We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us., Our equation of a sphere calculator will help you write the equation of a sphere in the standard form or expanded form if you know the center and radius of the sphere. Alternatively, you can find the sphere equation if you know its center and any point on its surface or if you know the end-points of any of its diameters ., This program converts rectangular coordinates into polar ones. Get the free "Coordinates: Rectangular to Polar" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle. Find more Mathematics widgets in Wolfram|Alpha., The derivation of these equations is easier if we start transforming from spherical to cylindrical coordinates and then from cylindrical to Cartesian coordinates. Therefore, we use the following diagram: We can find r and z using the sine and cosine functions respectively: z=\rho \cos (\phi) z = ρcos(ϕ) r=\rho \sin (\phi) r = ρsin(ϕ) The ..., The coefficients of the Cartesian tensor expansion of the potential are called (Cartesian) multipole moments and the ones of the spherical harmonic expansion are called spherical multipole moments. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the two kinds of multipole moments and provide a general formalism to convert between them., Equations Inequalities Scientific Calculator Scientific Notation Arithmetics Complex Numbers Polar/Cartesian Simultaneous Equations System of Inequalities Polynomials Rationales Functions Arithmetic & Comp. Coordinate Geometry Plane ... Polynomials Calculator, Factoring Quadratics. Just like numbers have factors (2×3=6), expressions have ..., Spherical coordinates are written in the form (ρ, θ, φ), where, ρ represents the distance from the origin to the point, θ represents the angle with respect to the x-axis in the xy plane and φ represents the angle formed with respect to the z-axis.Spherical coordinates can be useful when graphing spheres or other three-dimensional figures represented by angles., Calculators for plane geometry, solid geometry and trigonometry. Geometric shapes and trigonometric functions. Formulas for common areas, volumes and surface areas., formula of Spherical Coordinates to Cartesian Calculator. Here are the formulas for converting spherical coordinates (ρ, θ, φ) to Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z): …, Convert from rectangular to spherical coordinates. (-3/2, root 3/2, 1) (p, theta, phi) = (2, -pi/6, pi/3) This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading., Use Calculator to Convert Rectangular to Spherical Coordinates. 1 - Enter x x, y y and z z and press the button "Convert". You may also change the number of decimal places as needed; it has to be a positive integer. The angles θ θ and ϕ ϕ are given in radians and degrees. (x,y,z) ( x, y, z) = (. 1., Note. Equation (6.5.6) is a key equation which occurs when studying problems possessing spherical symmetry. It is an eigenvalue problem for Y(θ, ϕ) = Θ(θ)Φ(ϕ), LY = − λY, where L = 1 sinθ ∂ ∂θ(sinθ ∂ ∂θ) + 1 sin2θ ∂2 ∂ϕ2. The eigenfunctions of this operator are referred to as spherical harmonics., Feb 25, 2024 · Enter the radial distance, inclination angle, and azimuth angle into the calculator. The calculator will use the following formulas to convert the spherical coordinates to rectangular coordinates: x = r * sin (θ) * cos (φ) y = r * sin (θ) * sin (φ) z = r * cos (θ) Where: r = radial distance. θ = inclination angle. , Example #1 - Rectangular To Cylindrical Coordinates. For instance, let's convert the rectangular coordinate ( 2, 2, − 1) to cylindrical coordinates. Our goal is to change every x and y into r and θ, while keeping the z-component the same, such that ( x, y, z) ⇔ ( r, θ, z). So, first let's find our r component by using x 2 + y 2 = r 2., You can do so using our Gauss law calculator with two very simple steps: Enter the value. 10 n C. 10\ \mathrm {nC} 10 nC in the field "Electric charge Q". The Gauss law calculator gives you the value of the electric flux in the field "Electric flux ϕ": In this case, ϕ = 1129 V ⋅ m. \phi = 1129\ \mathrm {V\cdot m} ϕ = 1129 V⋅ m., First thing I did was put the equation in standard form: z2 +x2 + 2y2 = 4 z 2 + x 2 + 2 y 2 = 4. Then I convert to spherical: ρ2cos2(ϕ) +ρ2sin2(ϕ)cos2(θ) + 2ρ2sin2(ϕ)sin2(θ) = 4 ρ 2 cos 2. ⁡. ( ϕ) + ρ 2 sin 2. ⁡. ( ϕ) cos 2. ⁡. ( θ) + 2 ρ 2 sin 2., Our rectangular to spherical equation calculator is simple to use. Just input the x, y, and z coordinates of the point you want to convert, and the calculator will automatically generate the corresponding spherical coordinates for you., Converting rectangular coordinates to cylindrical coordinates and vice versa is straightforward, provided you remember how to deal with polar coordinates. To convert from cylindrical coordinates to rectangular, use the following set of formulas: \begin {aligned} x &= r\cos θ\ y &= r\sin θ\ z &= z \end {aligned} x y z = r cosθ = r sinθ = z., Convert spherical to cylindrical coordinates using a calculator. Using Fig.1 below, the trigonometric ratios and Pythagorean theorem, it can be shown that the relationships between spherical coordinates (ρ,θ,ϕ) ( ρ, θ, ϕ) and cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) ( r, θ, z) are as follows: r = ρsinϕ r = ρ sin. ⁡. ϕ , θ = θ θ = θ , z ..., Use Calculator to Convert Cylindrical to Rectangular Coordinates. 1 - Enter r r, θ θ and z z and press the button "Convert". You may also change the number of decimal places as needed; it has to be a positive integer. Angle θ θ may be entered in radians and degrees. r = r =., Question: 9. + -/2 points Convert the rectangular equation to an equation in cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates. x2 + y2 + z2 = 27 (a) Cylindrical coordinates (b) Spherical coordinates. Here's the best way to solve it., Explore math with our beautiful, free online graphing calculator. Graph functions, plot points, visualize algebraic equations, add sliders, animate graphs, and more., Fibonacci numbers create a mathematical pattern found throughout nature. Learn where to find Fibonacci numbers, including your own mirror. Advertisement Is there a magic equation t..., The formula for calculating Spherical Equivalent is: SE = (Cylinder Power) + (Sphere Power / 2) Let's break down this formula: Cylinder Power (C): This represents the power needed to correct astigmatism. It is measured in diopters (D) and can be positive or negative. Sphere Power (S): This indicates the power needed for nearsightedness ...