Why does mounjaro cause sulfur burps

If you're experiencing Mounjaro sulfur burps, there are several treatment options available: * Dietary changes: Avoiding sulfur-rich foods and incorporating more fiber-rich foods into your diet can help reduce the production of hydrogen sulfide gas in the digestive system. * Probiotics: Taking probiotic supplements or consuming probiotic-rich ...

Learn whether there are foods that cause hiccups in this article. Visit HowStuffWorks to learn more about the foods that cause hiccups. Advertisement Hiccups are unintentional spas...never heard of sulfur burps before. damn my burps smell disgusting. 1. SugarBear1987. • 1 yr. ago. I usually stop eating and switch to chicken broth and metformin. Till it is gone or mostly stops. Taking apple cider vinegar and cinnamon has been helping me to now. Hopefully this helps.This can result in the production of gas. * **Delayed gastric emptying:** Mounjaro may slow down the movement of food through the digestive system, causing food to stay in the stomach for longer periods. This can contribute to the formation of gas. * **Intestinal motility changes:** Mounjaro may affect the contractions of the intestinal muscles ...Key Takeaways. Mounjaro sulfur burps are characterized by foul-smelling burps that resemble the odor of rotten eggs. Dietary factors, gastrointestinal infections, GERD, and digestive disorders can contribute to mounjaro sulfur burps. In addition to sulfur burps, symptoms may include abdominal discomfort, nausea, bloating, and diarrhea.MOUNJARO may cause serious side effects, including: Possible thyroid tumors, including cancer. Tell your healthcare provider if you get a lump or swelling in your neck, hoarseness, trouble swallowing, or shortness of breath. These may be symptoms of thyroid cancer.Excessive burping, often described as smelling like rotten eggs, is believed to be caused by the medications slowing down the digestive system and leading to a build-up of air. Other side effects reported include acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Some patients also experience unusual dreams and excessive bowel movements ...

Let's explore each of these factors: 1. Food and drink-related sulphur burps. Hydrogen sulphides that cause the smell in burps are particularly associated with the breakdown of certain foods. Some of the main culprits include: Proteins such as red meats, poultry, eggs, seafood, and dairy products. Cruciferous vegetables like Brussels sprouts ...Large Meals. There's a possibility that eating a lot of food in one sitting could lead to excessive burping. Eating large meals can contribute to the gas in your digestive tract. 9. Rumination ...Secondly, the main reason for diarrhea and sulfur burps is over-eating and eating when you are not hungry. So the best way to avoid it is to avoid eating until you feel hungry. and if you feel tired and dizzy eat a chocolate or something sweet to rise the blood sugar level. Don't worry, it works ;).If you are struggling to manage your gut symptoms while using Mounjaro, you may notice a rapid improvement when you stop taking Mounjaro. People try different remedies to get relief from sulfur burps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bloating while on Mounjaro or Ozempic, but the greatest relief comes when you stop it.flatulence. acid reflux. abdominal swelling. mild injection site reaction, such as pain. mild allergic reaction *. These side effects may be temporary, lasting a few days to weeks. However, if the ...There are actually plenty of reasons why you might burp up foul-smelling gas, including: Eating sulfur-rich foods. H. pylori infection. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) Parasite …Questions, experiences and accomplishments related to Mounjaro and Zepbound prescription medications. ... other than Fairlife or other protein drink cause the side effects OP describes in the first few days and veggies cause sulphur burps. I can eat eggs, fish or grilled chicken after the first few days but no red meat at any point and ...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: H. pylori is a type of bacteria that is the main cause of stomach ulcers and chronic gastritis. Symptoms of H. pylori infection can include stomach pain, belching, …heartburn. decreased appetite. mild increase in heart rate. burping. injection site reaction *. mild allergic reaction *. In most cases, these side effects should be temporary. And some may be ...Mounjaro is used to treat adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. While Mounjaro is generally well tolerated, there are some potential side effects that people should be aware of. The most common side effects of Mounjaro include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less common, but more serious side effects, can include inflammation of your pancreas ...Echoing the others, an antacid helped me with sulfur burps (which I don't get anymore) when they started happening. I also take a supplement with broad spectrum digestive enzymes and herbs and I don't get sulphur burps anymore (unsure if related) and seems to have reduced gas and the super watery diarrhea occurrences.Why Does Mount Kilimanjaro Cause Sulfur Burps? Mount Kilimanjaro, standing tall at 19,341 feet, is the highest peak in Africa and attracts countless adventurers every year. While the breathtaking views and challenging climb are usually the focus, some climbers have reported an unusual side effect - sulfur burps. These unpleasant burps, accompanied by a strong […]

Airtalkwirless.

Nov 11, 2023 · Some users of Mounjaro, however, have reported significant negative reactions, including sulfur burps and nausea. So, does mounjaro cause sulfur burps? Sulfur burps emit a rotten egg odor and it results from hydrogen sulfide gas in the digestive tract. This gas forms when bacteria in the mouth or gut break down sulfur-rich foods. Key Takeaways. Mounjaro sulfur burps are characterized by foul-smelling burps that resemble the odor of rotten eggs. Dietary factors, gastrointestinal infections, GERD, and digestive disorders can contribute to mounjaro sulfur burps. In addition to sulfur burps, symptoms may include abdominal discomfort, nausea, bloating, and diarrhea.Mount Kilimanjaro’s high altitude can lead to sulfur burps due to reduced oxygen levels. The sulfur burps are caused by the breakdown of proteins in the stomach. Factors like altitude sickness and dehydration can exacerbate the issue. Eating high-sulfur foods can also contribute to sulfur burps.To alleviate symptoms, stay hydrated and avoid foods …Foods and drinks such as beer, cabbage, onions, eggs, cheese, and whole milk can cause sulfur burps. High-protein foods may also be the issue. Gastrointestinal problems: Issues such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be contributing to sulfur burps. IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder …Visto Bueno A Los Establecimientos, En Operación Y Funcionamiento ; Visto Bueno, Por Concentración Masiva De Personas ; Visto Bueno, Al Predio Para Proyectos Construccion

Dec 15, 2023 · heartburn. decreased appetite. mild increase in heart rate. burping. injection site reaction *. mild allergic reaction *. In most cases, these side effects should be temporary. And some may be ... Helps me! Pepto sells these gel tablets that work great and always resolve my sour stomach. I keep them on hand in my car, purse, work bag & makeup bags. Truly a life saver. Pepto. Pantoprazole is a daily necessity for me. I must take Protonix (pantoprazole) daily. But, I have had to do that pre-Mounjaro.Signs include bloody urine, decreased urine output, rapid weight gain, and swelling of the face, ankles, or hands. Pancreatitis: Mounjaro may cause swelling of the pancreas, which can cause sudden ... Mounjaro is used to treat adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. While Mounjaro is generally well tolerated, there are some potential side effects that people should be aware of. The most common side effects of Mounjaro include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less common, but more serious side effects, can include inflammation of your pancreas ... The gastrointestinal side effects of Mounjaro are manageable. People commonly have nausea, diarrhea, reduced appetite, vomiting, constipation, indigestion, and stomach pain. Serious side effects are rare, but may include pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), kidney or gallbladder problems, or an allergic reaction to Mounjaro ...Fried foods or foods with saturated fats are known triggers. With the delayed stomach emptying it might not be something you ate immediately before your injection. And it could also be cumulative since it sometimes takes a couple days to eliminate the contents of your stomach. That said, some people are just prone to these side effects.No appetite at all. No bump up in blood sugar from food (too much insulin = hypoglycemia that you can't eat your way out of for two reasons: 1. It doesn't work and 2. It makes you …The main symptoms of giardiasis are: smelly diarrhoea. tummy pain or cramps. farting (flatulence) smelly burps – they may smell like eggs. bloating. weight loss. You can have giardiasis and spread it to others without having any symptoms.Sep 18, 2017 · Baking Soda. Use baking soda as an antacid for a natural way to get rid of sulfur burps. However, those with high blood pressure should avoid using this remedy. Mix one teaspoon of baking soda in one cup of water and heat on low for five minutes. Stir and drink the solution. Coping techniques help you manage anxiety, but understanding the root of your symptoms can offer you lasting results. Here's how to explore the whys. Understanding where your anxie...Serious side effects of Mounjaro. Although not common, Mounjaro may cause serious side effects, including: Severe stomach problems. Risk of thyroid cancer. Pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas) Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) Serious allergic reactions. Acute kidney injury. Changes in vision.

One of the most prominent medications that can cause sulfur burps is Ozempic—a relatively new prescription medication that helps treat Type 2 diabetes. It can slow down the digestion, resulting in a buildup of digestive gases. Sulfur burps are a relatively rare side effect of Ozempic, but they’re possible.

Ginger can alleviate the symptoms of nausea, bloating, and helps with digestion. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and helps curb sulfur burps. 13. Honey and Lemon. A mixture of honey and lemon in a glass of luke warm water calms down the bloating and burping. 14."no indication that this was caused by an outside entity" The problems that kept all of United Airlines’s planes from taking off earlier today (June 2) were not the result of a dig... No bump up in blood sugar from food (too much insulin = hypoglycemia that you can't eat your way out of for two reasons: 1. It doesn't work and 2. It makes you uncomfortably full) Food seems to sit in your stomach for a very long time and very little food makes you very full. If you eat a "normal" amount of food, you will be in for a world of ... It helps control blood sugar levels and may promote weight loss. Mounjaro is also used off-label for obesity. The most common side effects are nausea and diarrhea. It’s important to talk to your provider or pharmacist to determine if Mounjaro is right for you. 1. Mounjaro (tirzepatide) is an FDA-approved medication to help lower high blood ...Let’s look at 7 of Mounjaro side effects, stomach problems, low blood sugar, allergic reactions, thyroid tumors, pancreatitis, kidney injury and gallbladder problems. Some side effects are common, and others are more serious or rare. The most common side effects are short-term and last only a few days or weeks.I did my first dose of 7.5 last week and had sulphur burps, gas and loose movements for about four days. I felt like the burps were different than normal burps in that they were, uh, VERY loud and long and felt like they were bubbling up from pretty deep. My stomach felt very full and burping provided some relief but not a ton.Some users of Mounjaro, however, have reported significant negative reactions, including sulfur burps and nausea. So, does mounjaro cause sulfur burps? Sulfur burps emit a rotten egg odor and it results from hydrogen sulfide gas in the digestive tract. This gas forms when bacteria in the mouth or gut break down sulfur-rich foods.

How many calories in a publix chicken tender.

Highway 285 accident today.

Mount Kilimanjaro’s high altitude can lead to sulfur burps due to reduced oxygen levels. The sulfur burps are caused by the breakdown of proteins in the stomach. Factors like altitude sickness and dehydration can exacerbate the issue. Eating high-sulfur foods can also contribute to sulfur burps.To alleviate symptoms, stay hydrated and avoid foods …The main way Wegovy is excreted from the body is via the urine and faces and 3% of the dose is left unchanged, which may alter the composition of the urine and change its smell. Healthcare providers recommend you increase your water intake while taking Wegovy and this could result in your peeing more. Other smell-related changes include an ...There is no need to say the next words.I am not a fool, so there is no mounjaro and sulfur burps need to make it cheapest way to buy mounjaro too clear.I understand.Huang Ming nodded thoughtfully, and the conversation between the two of them did not mounjaro and sulfur burps mean to avoid danger.With everyone s epic ears, everyone heard these ...flatulence. acid reflux. abdominal swelling. mild injection site reaction, such as pain. mild allergic reaction *. These side effects may be temporary, lasting a few days to weeks. However, if the ...Over a week! So I’m on my 3rd month of MJ. I have experienced the sulfur burps.. The diarrhea.. The stomach cramps.. The throwing up. It’s come and gone, but actually I’ve been fine the last few shots. For a solid week.. I’ve had KILLER sulfur burps, hard tummy bloat, and gah awful stinky diarrhea.There are actually plenty of reasons why you might burp up foul-smelling gas, including: Eating sulfur-rich foods. H. pylori infection. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) Parasite …Key Takeaways. Mounjaro sulfur burps are characterized by foul-smelling burps that resemble the odor of rotten eggs. Dietary factors, gastrointestinal infections, GERD, and digestive disorders can contribute to mounjaro sulfur burps. In addition to sulfur burps, symptoms may include abdominal discomfort, nausea, bloating, and diarrhea.Drinking peppermint tea is a very effective way of getting rid of smelling sulfur burps and diarrhea. Drink this regularly to alleviate egg and sulfur burps. To make and use peppermint: Take a glass of warm water and add a handful of dry peppermint leaves powder. Allow the mixture to cool down for at least 15 minutes.This isn't the only disagreeable side effect leaving users howling. 5. Diarrhea, constipation, nausea, face sagging, bizarre dreams and more have been attributed to the weight loss drug. Getty ...Pepto helps a little with the sulfer burps however it does not help with the bloating. I also thought it was a certain food triggering this however even if I don’t eat I still get the burps and bloat. This is a penalty you get if you choose to use semiglutide or any glp1. A decent dose of Pepto works wonders.Mounjaro is used to treat adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. While Mounjaro is generally well tolerated, there are some potential side effects that people should be aware of. The most common side effects of Mounjaro include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less common, but more serious side effects, can include inflammation of your pancreas ...Signs include bloody urine, decreased urine output, rapid weight gain, and swelling of the face, ankles, or hands. Pancreatitis: Mounjaro may cause swelling of the pancreas, which can cause sudden ... ….

Mild side effects* of Mounjaro can include: mild digestive problems, such as nausea, diarrhea, reduced appetite, vomiting, constipation, or heartburn. abdominal pain. injection site reaction. mild ...The last two weeks I didn't get them at all. Weirdly enough, the sulphur burps also coincide with when I actually lose weight. I've been in a bit of a stall the past two weeks and I always lose the most weight the first 2-3 days of an injection. Its almost to the point I welcome the burps because I know I'm losing weight. 2. true.However, researchers have learned over the past several years that the drugs can also lead to weight loss. Nausea is one of the most common side effects of Ozempic and Mounjaro.Ozempic and Mounjaro are FDA-approved to treat Type 2 diabetes and belong to the GLP-1 class of drugs. In studies, Mounjaro was more effective than Missing: manjaro.Welcome! Log into your account. your username. your passwordStaying hydrated throughout the day can prevent sulfur burps. The increased amount of water in the stomach can help with excessive bacteria growth and support the digestive system in breaking down heavier proteins and sulfur-containing foods. To aid digestion, try to drink at least a glass of water before each meal.Bit of a mammoth answer, but I've been reading up on, and studying the cause of these foul burps since 2003. The root source of the burps itself isn't known conclusively, but if I had to speculate (and this is entirely inconclusively) I would say that it's either some kind of inflammatory immune response, or caused by some kind of developed digestive enzyme …Mounjaro (tirzepatide) can cause or worsen kidney problems. Mounjaro (tirzepatide) can cause stomach-related side effects (such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) that can lead to dehydration. And if dehydration is severe enough, it could cause kidney damage. Make sure to drink plenty of fluids and stay hydrated if you're experiencing …Try for a few minutes to calm your brain as much as possible when you feel like garbage. I meditate, but you do whatever works for you. Then GENTLY massage the part of the ear that has the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Gently is important because you can easily give yourself a nasty headache.Sulfur burps and diarrhea can often cause discomfort and can be an embarrassing situation. Usually, sulfur burps are caused by the way our bodies break down food in the gut which creates a gas called Hydrogen sulfide. This burp is the main cause of your burps to smell like rotten eggs. The fact of the matter is that everybody …Tea — Green tea, peppermint tea or chamomile tea can aid digestion and have been known to reduce sulfur burps. Water — Stay hydrated. Sufficient water protects the stomach from bacteria and can help the digestive system break down heavier proteins and sulfur-containing foods. Manuka honey — This unique honey can protect the … Why does mounjaro cause sulfur burps, The most common tirzepatide side effects are usually temporary and include nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain. A decreased appetite, burping, and flatulence (gas) are also typical. Some people have also reported facial changes, vivid dreams, and hair loss while taking tirzepatide., High-calorie Snacks and Sweets. Avoid eating foods high in sugar while taking Mounjaro, such as candy, soda, and baked goods. Blood sugar spikes caused by particular foods can make it more difficult to lose extra weight. Sugar may also be addictive and encourage overeating, which can undermine attempts to lose weight., The main way Wegovy is excreted from the body is via the urine and faces and 3% of the dose is left unchanged, which may alter the composition of the urine and change its smell. Healthcare providers recommend you increase your water intake while taking Wegovy and this could result in your peeing more. Other smell-related changes …, The investigation into the relationship between Mounjaro and sulfur burps has highlighted the role of certain amino acids, such as glutamine, in digestive health. Glutamine is known to support gastrointestinal function and may influence the occurrence of sulfur burps. Mounjaro, as a medication, can affect digestive enzymes and gut motility., The sulfuric burps started for me when I increased to 5mg. As did the diarrhea. I take a digestive enzyme with each meal that helps with the burps but still TBD on the diarrhea. 1. 55K subscribers in the Mounjaro community. Questions, experiences and accomplishments related to Mounjaro and Zebpound prescription medications., This can result in the production of gas. * **Delayed gastric emptying:** Mounjaro may slow down the movement of food through the digestive system, causing food to stay in the stomach for longer periods. This can contribute to the formation of gas. * **Intestinal motility changes:** Mounjaro may affect the contractions of the intestinal muscles ..., sulfur burps/gas is by far my biggest side effect of mounjaro. u have found that a change in diet and simethicone, #2 125mg after each meal have helped significantly. Hang in there, hopefully, you'll start feeling better and get used to the medication. I get the sulfur burps off and on pretty inconsistently., Bit of a mammoth answer, but I've been reading up on, and studying the cause of these foul burps since 2003. The root source of the burps itself isn't known conclusively, but if I had to speculate (and this is entirely inconclusively) I would say that it's either some kind of inflammatory immune response, or caused by some kind of developed digestive enzyme …, Mounjaro alone does not cause your blood sugars to go down a certain point (less than 100). ... Sulfur Burps with Ozempic and Mounjaro: How to Get Rid of it? by Dr. Ahmed updated January 27, 2024, 7:24 am. Ozempic Meal Plan: Full Week Semaglutide Diet Plan. by Dr. Ahmed updated March 20, 2024, 10:16 pm., Try a glass of water with baking soda in it. Alkalizes your body….. Reply. mellie123. •. After 4 weeks on 2.5, took first dose of 5 yesterday and literally everything today has given me heartburn! Some of the non-spicy-at-all things that induced heartburn: yogurt, dry toast, cucumber. Reply., Sulfur burps have a wide range of possibilities, some harmless and some which deserve our attention, as listed below. Bacterial infection – Bacteria like helicobacter pylori are quite common around the world and are known to trigger stomach infections.Most people who undergo such infections complain of frequent excessive burping, bloating, abdominal …, Jan 25, 2023 · Fatigue – that rundown feeling is no fun. Sulphur Burps – burps that taste like sulfur. Headache – this is common when dehydrated or increasing dosage. Decreased Appetite – not necessarily a bad Mounjaro side effect. Nausea – see below for suggestions. Constipation – this is a common side effect. , The investigation into the relationship between Mounjaro and sulfur burps has highlighted the role of certain amino acids, such as glutamine, in digestive health. Glutamine is known to support gastrointestinal function and may influence the occurrence of sulfur burps. Mounjaro, as a medication, can affect digestive enzymes and gut motility., Excessive burping, often described as smelling like rotten eggs, is believed to be caused by the medications slowing down the digestive system and leading to a build-up of air. Other side effects reported include acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Some patients also experience unusual dreams and excessive bowel movements ..., The sulfuric burps started for me when I increased to 5mg. As did the diarrhea. I take a digestive enzyme with each meal that helps with the burps but still TBD on the diarrhea. 1. 55K subscribers in the Mounjaro community. Questions, experiences and accomplishments related to Mounjaro and Zebpound prescription medications., Here are some of the most common reasons why dogs burp: 1. Eating Too Fast. One of the most common reasons why dogs burp is eating too fast. When dogs eat too quickly, they tend to swallow a lot of air along with their food. This can cause the stomach to become distended and lead to burping. Drinking too fast can also cause dogs to burp., Mounjaro sulfur burps are characterized by a foul-smelling burp that resembles the odor of rotten eggs. This unpleasant smell is caused by the presence of hydrogen sulfide gas in the digestive system. ... While occasional sulfur burps may not be a cause for concern, persistent or recurrent sulfur burps may indicate an underlying digestive ..., Switch to water or tea while eating, instead of drinking something carbonated, to cut down on burping. 3. Cut simple sugars and simple carbs out of your diet. Sugars and simple carbs can feed bad bacteria and fungus in your digestive system. This can cause multiple symptoms, including sulfur burps., sulfur burps/gas is by far my biggest side effect of mounjaro. u have found that a change in diet and simethicone, #2 125mg after each meal have helped significantly. Hang in there, hopefully, you'll start feeling better and get used to the medication. I get the sulfur burps off and on pretty inconsistently., Let's explore each of these factors: 1. Food and drink-related sulphur burps. Hydrogen sulphides that cause the smell in burps are particularly associated with the breakdown of certain foods. Some of the main culprits include: Proteins such as red meats, poultry, eggs, seafood, and dairy products. Cruciferous vegetables like Brussels sprouts ... , Here are some of the most common reasons why dogs burp: 1. Eating Too Fast. One of the most common reasons why dogs burp is eating too fast. When dogs eat too quickly, they tend to swallow a lot of air along with their food. This can cause the stomach to become distended and lead to burping. Drinking too fast can also cause …, Dec 11, 2012 ... Its sometimes caused by a bacterium know as Helicobacter pylori. Using Pepto Bismol MAX will kill the bacteria, and thus get rid of the ..., This can result in the production of gas. * **Delayed gastric emptying:** Mounjaro may slow down the movement of food through the digestive system, causing food to stay in the stomach for longer periods. This can contribute to the formation of gas. * **Intestinal motility changes:** Mounjaro may affect the contractions of the intestinal muscles ..., Learn whether there are foods that cause hiccups in this article. Visit HowStuffWorks to learn more about the foods that cause hiccups. Advertisement Hiccups are unintentional spas..., Dec 15, 2023 · heartburn. decreased appetite. mild increase in heart rate. burping. injection site reaction *. mild allergic reaction *. In most cases, these side effects should be temporary. And some may be ... , Sulfur Burps and Diarrhea - A Sign of Infection. Diarrhea is a condition that causes stools to be loose and watery. Diarrhea occurs when the body cannot absorb water from food and liquids passing through your colon. If your pungent burps are followed by diarrhea or loose stools, you may have a gastrointestinal infection., The main way Wegovy is excreted from the body is via the urine and faces and 3% of the dose is left unchanged, which may alter the composition of the urine and change its smell. Healthcare providers recommend you increase your water intake while taking Wegovy and this could result in your peeing more. Other smell-related changes include an ..., This is going to happen because the medicine is slowing your digestive track so the food sits in your stomach longer and begins to Rot. Therefore, causing the sulfur burps. I know it sounds gross, but it's true. This sounds like possible infection if it's continuous.., Welcome! Log into your account. your username. your password, Sep 7, 2017 · drinking carbonated beverages. overeating. smoking. drinking from a straw. chewing gum. sucking on hard candies. having loose dentures. Foods and beverages can also cause additional gas in your ... , Lead acid batteries have had the same basic design for nearly a hundred years, with plates of lead and zinc sandwiched into a sulfuric acid bath. The electrolyte reaction can store..., Sulfur Burps and Diarrhea – A Sign of Infection. Diarrhea is a condition that causes stools to be loose and watery. Diarrhea occurs when the body cannot absorb water from food and liquids passing through your colon. If your pungent burps are followed by diarrhea or loose stools, you may have a gastrointestinal infection., Mounjaro™ generally does not cause sulfur burps. A large randomized controlled trial of Mounjaro did not note sulfur burps as a side effect of the medication, however other gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation are common. Side effects are typically more noticeable during the initiation and dose ...